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Question 1
Incorrect
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All these structures make up the portal triad EXCEPT?
Your Answer: Branches of the portal vein
Correct Answer: Branches of the hepatic vein
Explanation:The portal triad, is made up of a portal arteriole (a branch of the hepatic artery), a portal venule (a branch of the hepatic portal vein) and a bile duct. Also contained within the portal triad are lymphatic vessels and vagal parasympathetic nerve fibres.
Branches of the hepatic vein is not part of the portal triad
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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Question 2
Incorrect
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A 45-year-old man had a painless superficial inguinal lymphadenopathy. It was later found to be malignant. Which of the following parts of the body is most likely the origin of this cancerous lymph node?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Anal canal
Explanation:A cancer of the anal canal below the pectinate line would spread to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
Anal cancer often spreads through lymphatic drainage to the internal iliac lymph nodes in lesions above the pectinate line and to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes in lesions below the pectinate line.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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Question 3
Incorrect
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Which of the following is where the rectovesical fascia is located:
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Between the fundus of the bladder and the ampulla of the rectum
Explanation:In a triangular area between the vasa deferentia, the bladder and rectum are separated only by rectovesical fascia, commonly known as Denonvillier’s fascia.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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Question 4
Incorrect
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You are taking care of a 55-year-old male patient who is a weightlifter. He is suspected of having a direct inguinal hernia. Where would this hernia appear?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Medial to the inferior epigastric artery
Explanation:A direct inguinal hernia is a form of groin hernia that occurs when abdominal viscera protrude through a weakness in the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, notably through Hesselbach’s triangle, medial to the inferior epigastric veins.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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Question 5
Incorrect
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A 30 year old man presents to ED after a road traffic accident. Free intraperitoneal fluid is found on FAST (Focussed assessment for sonography in trauma) done in the supine position.
Which of these is most likely to be affected?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Hepatorenal recess
Explanation:Fluid accumulates most often in the hepatorenal pouch (of Morrison) in a supine patient. The hepatorenal pouch is located behind the liver and anterior to the right kidney and is the lowest space in the peritoneal cavity in the supine position.
Although the vesicouterine and rectouterine spaces are also potential spaces for fluid accumulation, fluid accumulation in them occur in the erect position.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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Question 6
Incorrect
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A tumour is discovered behind the pectinate line during an examination of a 72-year-old patient with rectal bleeding. Which of the following is the lymphatic drainage of the pectinate line?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Superficial inguinal nodes
Explanation:The pectinate line is known as the watershed line because it divides the anal canal into two sections. Below the pectinate line, lymphatic drainage drains to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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Question 7
Incorrect
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You note that the prostate of a 60-year-old patient is enlarged during the examination. You suspect BPH. Anatomically, the prostate has four main lobes. Which of the lobes is affected by benign prostatic hypertrophy?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Median lobe
Explanation:Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also known as benign prostatic hypertrophy, is characterized by an enlarged prostate gland.
The prostate is divided into four major lobes. The median lobe is the most commonly affected by benign prostatic enlargement, resulting in urethral obstruction and urine symptoms.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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Question 8
Incorrect
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Which of the following movements does the iliacus muscle produce?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Flexion of the thigh at the hip joint
Explanation:The iliacus flexes the thigh at the hip joint when the trunk is stabilised. It flexes the trunk against gravity when the body is supine.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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Question 9
Incorrect
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External haemorrhoids may cause anal pain. When explaining to your patient why it does so, which of the following nerves will you point out as being affected?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Pudendal nerve
Explanation:The pain associated with external haemorrhoids is carried by a branch of the pudendal nerve, specifically the somatic fibres (S2-S4).
It innervates the external anal sphincter and most of the skin over the perineum.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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Question 10
Incorrect
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You are taking care of a 55-year-old male patient with a direct inguinal hernia. In explaining his hernia, which of the following layers was compromised and had resulted in his condition?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Transversalis fascia
Explanation:Direct inguinal hernias are most often caused by a weakness in the muscles of the abdominal wall that develops over time, or are due to straining or heavy lifting.
A direct inguinal hernia protrudes through the Transversalis fascia.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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