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Question 1
Correct
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All of the following statements are true about Androgen insensitivity syndrome except:
Your Answer: The chromosomal sex is 46XX
Explanation:Patients suffering from androgen insensitivity syndrome have 46XY chromosomes. Due to insensitivity to androgens, they have female characteristics e.g. scant pubic or body hairs, enlarged mammary glands, and a small penis.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Embryology
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Question 2
Correct
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Regarding feto-maternal blood circulation, which of the following statements is false?
Your Answer: At term the placenta receives 70% of uterine blood flow
Explanation:The placenta is important for regulating feto-maternal blood circulation, ensuring that the two circulatory systems do not come into direct contact. The placenta receives 70-80% of the uterine blood flow into the decidual spiral arteries where nutrient, waste and gaseous exchange with fetal blood takes place via the villous core fetal vessels. Deoxygenated blood arrives at the placenta via two uterine arteries while oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood is circulated back to the foetus via a single umbilical vein. The pressure in the umbilical vein is about 20 mmHg.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Embryology
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Question 3
Incorrect
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Normal physiological gut herniation occurs at how many weeks gestation?
Your Answer: 12 weeks
Correct Answer: 8 weeks
Explanation:At about 8-12 weeks gestation, normal physiological herniation of the fetal bowel occurs. The midgut protrudes into the base of the umbilicus, and undergoes a 90-degree anticlockwise rotation. When the abdominal cavity enlarges enough to fit the developing midgut, the intestines undergo another 180-degree rotation before returning to the abdominal cavity.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Embryology
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Question 4
Correct
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The best confirmatory test for Turner's syndrome is done by:
Your Answer: Chromosomal analysis (Karyotyping)
Explanation:Standard karyotyping is the best confirmatory test for the diagnosis of Turner syndrome among patients who have some doubtful clinical presentations. It is done on peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Embryology
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Question 5
Correct
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All of the following features are associated with congenital uterine malformations except:
Your Answer: Pregnancy induced hypertension
Explanation:Congenital uterine abnormalities are associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortions, preterm delivery of the foetus, fetal growth retardation and malpresentation.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Embryology
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Question 6
Incorrect
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Regarding the closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA) after birth which of the following most accurately describes the mechanisms leading to closure of the DA?
Your Answer: Increased arterial pO2, decreased bradykinin & decreased Prostaglandin E1
Correct Answer: Increased arterial pO2, increased bradykinin & decreased Prostaglandin E2
Explanation:Functional closure of the ductus arteriosus is neonates is completed within the first few days after birth. It normally occurs by the 12th postnatal week. It has been suggested that persistent patency of DA results from a failure of the TGF-B induction after birth. Due to increased arterial pO2, constriction of the DA occurs. In addition to this on inflation the bradykinin system is activated with cause the smooth muscles in the DA to constrict. A decrease in the E2 prostaglandin is also an important factor as raised levels have been indicated in keeping the patency of the DA.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Embryology
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Question 7
Correct
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Which one of the following statements is true regarding androgen insensitivity syndrome?
Your Answer: They have no uterus
Explanation:Androgen insensitivity syndrome means that patients are phenotypically males but they are resistant or insensitive to male androgen hormones. They do not have a uterus. Due to insensitivity to androgens these patients often have female traits but their genetic makeup is of male, 46XY.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Embryology
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Question 8
Incorrect
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How many days after fertilisation does the blastocyst hatch from the zone pellucida?
Your Answer: 14-21
Correct Answer: 5-Jul
Explanation:Shortly after the morula enters the uterus, around the 4th day after fertilization, a clear cystic cavity starts forming inside the morula. The fluid passes through the zona pellucida from the uterine cavity and hence forms the blastocyst.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Embryology
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Question 9
Correct
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Commonest cause of precocious puberty is:
Your Answer: Idiopathic
Explanation:Precocious puberty can be defined as secondary sexual characteristics that occur before the age of 8 years in females and 9 years in males. In 80-90% of individuals it is idiopathic. Other causes include CNS anomalies and tumours, increased exposure to sex hormones/steroids, pituitary gonadotrophin secreting tumours and ovarian tumours etc.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Embryology
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Question 10
Correct
SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
