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  • Question 1 - In which of the following compartments of the femoral sheath is the femoral...

    Correct

    • In which of the following compartments of the femoral sheath is the femoral artery located?

      Your Answer: Lateral compartment

      Explanation:

      The femoral sheath also known as the crural sheath is made up of three compartments; lateral, intermediate and the medial. The femoral artery is contained in the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath while the femoral vein is in the intermediate compartment.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      22.6
      Seconds
  • Question 2 - The pudendal nerve is derived from? ...

    Correct

    • The pudendal nerve is derived from?

      Your Answer: S2, S3, S4

      Explanation:

      The pudendal nerve derives it’s fibres from the ventral branches of the second, third and fourth sacral nerves (S2,3,4)

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      25.7
      Seconds
  • Question 3 - The superior ulnar collateral artery is a direct branch of this artery: ...

    Incorrect

    • The superior ulnar collateral artery is a direct branch of this artery:

      Your Answer: Ulnar

      Correct Answer: Brachial

      Explanation:

      The brachial artery gives rise to a small branch at the middle of the arm, which is the superior collateral artery. It descends accompanied by the ulnar nerve and anastomoses with the posterior ulnar recurrent and inferior ulnar collateral.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      25.3
      Seconds
  • Question 4 - Which of the following structures, is the area in which the superior cerebral...

    Correct

    • Which of the following structures, is the area in which the superior cerebral veins drain into?

      Your Answer: Superior sagittal sinus

      Explanation:

      The superior cerebral veins are predominantly located on the superior aspect of the brain. They are 8 to 12 in number and they drain the lateral, medial and superior aspects of the cerebral hemispheres.
      These veins drain into the superior sagittal sinus, also known as the superior longitudinal sinus – which is located along the attached margin of the falx cerebri.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      124.6
      Seconds
  • Question 5 - A growing tumour is impinging on the lingual artery in the floor of...

    Correct

    • A growing tumour is impinging on the lingual artery in the floor of the mouth. Which structure will experience decreased blood flow?

      Your Answer: The sublingual gland

      Explanation:

      The paired sublingual glands are major salivary glands in the mouth. They are the smallest, most diffuse, and the only unencapsulated major salivary glands. They provide only 3-5% of the total salivary volume. The gland receives its blood supply from the sublingual and submental arteries. The sublingual artery is a branch of the lingual artery, thus damage to the lingual artery will decrease the blood flow to the sublingual gland.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      84.3
      Seconds
  • Question 6 - During an exploratory laparotomy a herniation of bowel is identified between the lateral...

    Correct

    • During an exploratory laparotomy a herniation of bowel is identified between the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis, the inguinal ligament and the inferior epigastric vessels. These boundaries define the hernia as being a:

      Your Answer: Direct inguinal hernia

      Explanation:

      The boundaries given define the inguinal triangle which is the site for direct inguinal hernias. Indirect inguinal hernias occur lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels.
      Femoral hernias protrude through the femoral ring, into the femoral canal.
      Umbilical hernias protrude through a defect in the umbilical area.
      Obturator hernias, occur through the obturator foramen. These are very rare.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      94.3
      Seconds
  • Question 7 - During an operation to repair an indirect inguinal hernia, you are asked to...

    Incorrect

    • During an operation to repair an indirect inguinal hernia, you are asked to indicate the position of the deep inguinal ring. You indicate this as being:

      Your Answer: Above the pubic tubercle

      Correct Answer: Above the midpoint of the inguinal ligament

      Explanation:

      The deep inguinal ring is near the midpoint of the inguinal ligament, below the anterior superior iliac spine. It is lateral to the inferior epigastric artery. The superficial ring, however, is found above the pubic tubercle. The supravesical fossa is the space between the median and medial umbilical folds.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      50.3
      Seconds
  • Question 8 - A 7-month-old abandoned baby with congenital non-communicating hydrocephalus is hosted by a clinic...

    Correct

    • A 7-month-old abandoned baby with congenital non-communicating hydrocephalus is hosted by a clinic at its new-born hostel. A CT scan of the baby's brain reveals what might be a blockage of the ventricular system between the third and the fourth ventricles. Which of the following is the most likely blocked structure?

      Your Answer: Cerebral aqueduct

      Explanation:

      The drainage of cerebral spinal fluid from the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle is carried out by the cerebral aqueduct. The cerebral aqueduct is the narrowest passageway in the entire ventricular system and thus forms the most common site of blockage of flow of cerebrospinal fluid. The interventricular foramen allows passage of CSF to the third ventricle. The foramen of Luschka and Magendie are located on the fourth ventricle and allow passage of CSF to the subarachnoid space from the ventricular system. The pontine cistern is a space located on the ventral aspect of the pons. The cisterna magna is an opening on the subarachnoid space between the pia matter and the arachnoid.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      108.7
      Seconds
  • Question 9 - Which of the following arteries branches from the deep femoral artery and courses...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following arteries branches from the deep femoral artery and courses between the pectineus and iliopsoas muscles?

      Your Answer: Obturator

      Correct Answer: Medical femoral circumflex

      Explanation:

      The medial femoral circumflex artery is an artery in the upper thigh that supplies blood to the head and neck of the femur. It arises from the deep femoral artery and winds around the medial side of the femur. It passes first between pectineus and psoas major, and then between obturator externus and adductor brevis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      94
      Seconds
  • Question 10 - An intern is attempting to put in an arterial line in an ICU...

    Incorrect

    • An intern is attempting to put in an arterial line in an ICU patients left foot. Which is the best site to feel for the pulsation of the dorsalis pedis artery in the foot?

      Your Answer: In the second dorsal metatarsal space

      Correct Answer: Just lateral to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus

      Explanation:

      The dorsalis pedis artery is the continuation of the anterior tibial artery. The pulse of the posterior tibial artery, which comes from the posterior compartment of the leg, may be felt behind the medial malleolus just lateral to the tendon of the extensor hallucis longus.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      18.3
      Seconds
  • Question 11 - Which one of the following groups of lymph nodes is most likely to...

    Incorrect

    • Which one of the following groups of lymph nodes is most likely to be inflamed due to paronychia involving the big toe?

      Your Answer: Deep inguinal lymph nodes

      Correct Answer: Vertical group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes

      Explanation:

      Paronychia affecting the big toe will result in inflammation of the superficial inguinal lymph nodes as it drains lymph from the big toe.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      464.4
      Seconds
  • Question 12 - A 60-year old patient presenting with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal...

    Correct

    • A 60-year old patient presenting with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal was brought in to the oncology ward for chemotherapy. In which of the following lymph nodes of this patient would you likely find metastases?

      Your Answer: Internal iliac

      Explanation:

      The efferent lymphatics from the anal canal proceed to the internal iliac lymph nodes. This would most likely form the site of enlargement in the lymphatics.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      24.3
      Seconds
  • Question 13 - Which muscle is responsible for directing the gaze downward when the eye is...

    Incorrect

    • Which muscle is responsible for directing the gaze downward when the eye is abducted?

      Your Answer: Inferior oblique muscle

      Correct Answer: Inferior rectus muscle

      Explanation:

      The inferior rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. As with most of the muscles of the orbit, it is innervated by the inferior division of oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III). It depresses, adducts, and helps laterally rotate the eye.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      15.6
      Seconds
  • Question 14 - Which of the following structures lying posterior to the ovary are at risk...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following structures lying posterior to the ovary are at risk of injury in excision of a malignant tumour in the right ovary?

      Your Answer: Obturator nerve

      Correct Answer: Ureter

      Explanation:

      The ovaries are two nodular structures situated one on either side of the uterus in relation to the lateral wall of the pelvis and attached to the back of the broad ligament of the uterus, lying posteroinferiorly to the fallopian tubes. Each ovary has a lateral and medial surface. The ureter is at greater risk of iatrogenic injury at this location.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      19.9
      Seconds
  • Question 15 - Two boys were playing when one of them brought the forearm of the...

    Incorrect

    • Two boys were playing when one of them brought the forearm of the other behind his back. This resulted in a stretching of the lateral rotator of the arm. Which of the following muscles was most likely to have been involved?

      Your Answer: Supraspinatus

      Correct Answer: Infraspinatus

      Explanation:

      There are two lateral rotators of the arm, the infraspinatus and the teres minor muscles. The infraspinatus muscle receives nerve supply from C5 and C6 via the suprascapular nerve, whilst the teres minor is supplied by C5 via the axillary nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      34
      Seconds
  • Question 16 - A elderly patient with bulbar palsy is bed ridden. While swallowing he aspirates...

    Correct

    • A elderly patient with bulbar palsy is bed ridden. While swallowing he aspirates one of his tablets into his lungs. In which bronchopulmonary segments is it most likely to end up?

      Your Answer: Superior segmental bronchus of the right inferior lobe

      Explanation:

      Inhaled objects are more likely to enter the right lung for several reasons. First the right bronchus is shorter, wider and more vertical than the left bronchus. Also, the carina (a ridge-like structure at the point of tracheal bifurcation) is set a little towards the left. The superior segmental bronchus branches posteriorly off the intermediate bronchus or the inferior lobe bronchus and is thus more likely to receive the foreign body that enters the right main bronchus. The lingula is only found on the left lung. The terminal bronchiole is a very small space almost impossible for the tablet to lodge here.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      107.3
      Seconds
  • Question 17 - A victim of mob justice was brought to the A & E with...

    Correct

    • A victim of mob justice was brought to the A & E with a stab wound in the anterior chest 2 cm lateral to the left sternal border. He underwent an emergency thoracotomy that revealed clots in the pericardium, with a puncture wound in the right ventricle. To evacuate the clots from the pericardial cavity the surgeon slipped his hand behind the heart at its apex. He extended his finger upwards until its tip was stopped by a line of pericardial reflection which forms the:

      Your Answer: Oblique pericardial sinus

      Explanation:

      Transverse sinus: part of pericardial cavity that is behind the aorta and pulmonary trunk and in front of the superior vena cava separating the outflow vessels from the inflow vessels.
      Oblique pericardial sinus: is behind the left atrium where the visceral pericardium reflects onto the pulmonary veins and the inferior vena cava. Sliding a finger under the heart will take you to this space.
      Cardiac notch: indentation of the ‘of the heart’ on the superior lobe of the left lung.
      Hilar reflection: the reflection of the pleura onto the root of the lung to continue as mediastinal pleura.
      Costomediastinal recess: part of the pleural sac where the costal pleura transitions to become the mediastinal pleura.
      Sulcus terminalis: a groove between the right atrium and the vena cava

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      558.7
      Seconds
  • Question 18 - What is the name of the cutaneous branch of the posterior primary ramus...

    Correct

    • What is the name of the cutaneous branch of the posterior primary ramus of C2?

      Your Answer: Greater occipital nerve

      Explanation:

      The dorsal primary ramus of the spinal nerve C2 is the greater occipital nerve which provides cutaneous innervation to the skin of the back of the head. The ventral primary ramus gives off the great auricular nerve, the lesser occipital nerve and the ansa cervicalis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      524.3
      Seconds
  • Question 19 - When conducting an exploratory laparotomy procedure of a patient diagnosed with a bleeding...

    Incorrect

    • When conducting an exploratory laparotomy procedure of a patient diagnosed with a bleeding ulcer of the lesser curvature of the stomach, which artery in this patient are you most likely to ligate to control the bleeding?

      Your Answer: Left gastroepiploic

      Correct Answer: Left gastric

      Explanation:

      The lesser curvature of the stomach is supplied by the left gastric artery along with the right gastric artery. These two arteries are the ones to most likely be ligated if bleeding was to be stopped at the lesser curvature of the stomach. The splenic artery branches from the celiac branch and supplies the spleen. The left gastro-omental, the right and left gastroepiploic arteries supply the greater curvature.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      56.5
      Seconds
  • Question 20 - A 20-year old college student was diagnosed with meningitis that had developed due...

    Incorrect

    • A 20-year old college student was diagnosed with meningitis that had developed due to an acute cavernous sinus thrombosis from an ear infection. Which of the following superficial venous routes is the usual path that an infected blood clot takes to reach the cavernous sinus?

      Your Answer: Superficial temporal vein

      Correct Answer: Facial vein

      Explanation:

      The facial vein is the usual communication between the cavernous sinus and the pterygoid sinus. It is through this vein that an infected clot can travel to the cavernous sinus and cause infection. The pterygoid plexus is a venous plexus that is situated between the temporalis muscle and lateral pterygoid muscle, and partly between the two pterygoid muscles. The pterygoid plexus is connected to the facial vein by the deep facial vein. This connection is what makes this area where this sinus and the facial vein are located a danger zone. The danger zone or triangle of the face is the area from the corners of the mouth to the nose bridge. The sinus connection in this area makes it possible for infection to reach the cavernous sinus and at times cause meningitis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      12.5
      Seconds
  • Question 21 - The Carpal tunnel does NOT contain: ...

    Correct

    • The Carpal tunnel does NOT contain:

      Your Answer: Flexor carpi ulnaris

      Explanation:

      The contents of the carpal tunnel include:
      – Median nerve
      – Flexor digitorum supervicialis
      – Flexor digitorum profundus
      – Flexor policis longus
      – Flexor carpi radialis

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      21.3
      Seconds
  • Question 22 - An ultrasound report of a 35-year old female patient revealed that she had...

    Correct

    • An ultrasound report of a 35-year old female patient revealed that she had cancer of the pancreas and presented with subsequent severe obstructive jaundice. In which part of this was woman's pancreas was the tumour most likely located?

      Your Answer: Head

      Explanation:

      The pancreas is divided into five parts; the head, body, neck, tail, and the uncinate process. Of the five parts, tumours located at the head of the pancreas in most instances cause obstruction of the common bile duct more often than tumours in the other parts of the pancreas. This is because the common bile duct passes through the head of the pancreas from the gallbladder and the liver (it is formed where the cystic and the hepatic bile duct join) to empty bile into the duodenum. This biliary obstruction leads to accumulation of bile in the liver and a consequent bilirubinaemia (raised levels of blood bilirubin). This results in jaundice. The pancreas is not divided into lobes.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      9.2
      Seconds
  • Question 23 - All the following arteries contribute to the blood supply of the hip joint...

    Incorrect

    • All the following arteries contribute to the blood supply of the hip joint except:

      Your Answer: Foveal artery

      Correct Answer: Pudendal

      Explanation:

      The blood supply to the hip joint is from two main arteries, the medial circumflex femoral and lateral circumflex femoral arteries. These are branches of the deep artery of the thigh, which itself is a branch of the femoral artery. There is contribution of blood supply from the inferior gluteals, foveal and obturator arteries.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      14.9
      Seconds
  • Question 24 - The deep planter artery is a branch of the: ...

    Incorrect

    • The deep planter artery is a branch of the:

      Your Answer: Popliteal artery

      Correct Answer: Dorsalis pedis artery

      Explanation:

      The deep plantar artery is a branch of the dorsalis pedis artery.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      43.8
      Seconds
  • Question 25 - A surgeon ligates the left middle suprarenal artery while carrying out a left...

    Incorrect

    • A surgeon ligates the left middle suprarenal artery while carrying out a left adrenalectomy. Where does the left middle suprarenal artery originate?

      Your Answer: Splenic artery

      Correct Answer: Abdominal aorta

      Explanation:

      Middle suprarenal arteries arise from either side of the abdominal aorta, opposite the superior mesenteric artery.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      19.7
      Seconds
  • Question 26 - Which of the following is a landmark to identify the site of the...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following is a landmark to identify the site of the 2nd costal cartilage?

      Your Answer: Sternal notch

      Correct Answer: Sternal angle

      Explanation:

      The sternal angle is an important part where the second costal cartilage attaches to the sternum. Finding the sternal angle will help in finding the second costal cartilage and intercostal space.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      28.3
      Seconds
  • Question 27 - A 50 year old female patient with an history of chronic headache was...

    Incorrect

    • A 50 year old female patient with an history of chronic headache was scheduled for CT scan. If the CT scan revealed a tumour at the horn of the lateral ventricle, which of the following structures is most likely to be compressed by this tumour?

      Your Answer: Frontal lobe

      Correct Answer: Fibres of the corpus callosum

      Explanation:

      The ventricular system of the brain is made up of four ventricles namely; two lateral and a third and forth ventricle. The ventricles are the site of the development of the cerebrospinal fluid. The left and right lateral ventricles are located in each of the brain’s hemispheres. The roof of the lateral ventricles are made up of the fibres of the corpus callosum. This is the structure that would be compressed by the a tumour on the roof of the lateral ventricles.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      18.8
      Seconds
  • Question 28 - Which best describes the sartorius muscle? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which best describes the sartorius muscle?

      Your Answer: Crosses only one joint

      Correct Answer: Will flex the leg at the knee joint

      Explanation:

      The sartorius muscle arises from tendinous fibres from the superior iliac spine. It passes obliquely across the thigh from lateral to medial and is inserted into the upper part of the medial side of the tibia. When the sartorius muscle contracts it will flex the leg at the knee joint.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      19.2
      Seconds
  • Question 29 - The occipital artery is accompanied by which nerve as it arises from the...

    Incorrect

    • The occipital artery is accompanied by which nerve as it arises from the external carotid artery?

      Your Answer: Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

      Correct Answer: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

      Explanation:

      Three main types of variations in the relations of the occipital artery and the hypoglossal nerve are found according to the level at which the nerve crosses the external carotid artery and the point of origin of the occipital artery. In Type I, the hypoglossal nerve crosses the external carotid artery inferior to the origin of the occipital artery; in Type II, the nerve crosses the external carotid artery at the level of origin of the occipital artery; and in Type III, it crosses superior to that level. In Type III the occipital artery makes a loop around the hypoglossal nerve and is in a position to pull and exert pressure on the nerve. This possibility should be taken into consideration in the diagnosis of peripheral paresis or paralysis of the tongue and during surgery in this area.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      19.1
      Seconds
  • Question 30 - The pterion is clinically significant as it marks an area of weakness on...

    Incorrect

    • The pterion is clinically significant as it marks an area of weakness on the skull. What structure lies beneath it?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Anterior branches of the middle meningeal artery

      Explanation:

      The pterion is the area where four bones, the parietal, frontal, greater wing of sphenoid and the squamous part of the temporal bone meet. It overlies the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery on the internal aspect of the skull. The pterion is the weakest part of the skull. Slight trauma to this region can cause extradural hematoma.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Basic Sciences
      0
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Anatomy (13/29) 45%
Basic Sciences (13/29) 45%
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