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  • Question 1 - Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of an abducens nerve...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of an abducens nerve palsy:

      Your Answer: Loss of abduction

      Correct Answer: Inability to look up

      Explanation:

      CN VI palsies result in a convergent squint at rest (eye turned inwards) with inability to abduct the eye because of unopposed action of the rectus medialis. The patient complains of horizontal diplopia when looking towards the affected side. With complete paralysis, the eye cannot abduct past the midline.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Cranial Nerve Lesions
      8.8
      Seconds
  • Question 2 - A 27-year-old athlete presents with buttock pain after tearing his gluteus maximus muscle.In...

    Correct

    • A 27-year-old athlete presents with buttock pain after tearing his gluteus maximus muscle.In which of the following nerves is the gluteus maximus muscle innervated by?

      Your Answer: Inferior gluteal nerve

      Explanation:

      The gluteal muscles are a group of muscles that make up the buttock area. These muscles include: gluteus maximus, gluteus medius. and gluteus minimus.The gluteus maximus is the most superficial as well as largest of the three muscles and makes up most of the shape and form of the buttock and hip area. It is a thick, fleshy muscle with a quadrangular shape. It is a large muscle and plays a prominent role in the maintenance of keeping the upper body erect.The innervation of the gluteus maximus muscle is from the inferior gluteal nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      11.3
      Seconds
  • Question 3 - A patient suffers a stab wound to the neck. The entry point of...

    Incorrect

    • A patient suffers a stab wound to the neck. The entry point of the blade is situated within the posterior triangle of the neck.Which of the following muscles is most likely to be involved? Select ONE answer only.

      Your Answer: Trapezius

      Correct Answer: Anterior scalene

      Explanation:

      The anterior triangle is the triangular area of the neck found anteriorly to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. It is formed by the anterior border of sternocleidomastoid laterally, the median line of the neck medially and by the inferior border of the mandible superiorly. The apex of the anterior triangle extends towards the manubrium sterni. The anterior triangle contains:Muscles: thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid musclesOrgans: thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea, esophagus, submandibular gland, caudal part of the parotid glandArteries: superior and inferior thyroid, common carotid, external carotid, internal carotid artery (and sinus), facial, submental, lingual arteriesVeins: anterior jugular veins, internal jugular, common facial, lingual, superior thyroid, middle thyroid veins, facial vein, submental vein, lingual veinsNerves: vagus nerve (CN X), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), part of sympathetic trunk, mylohyoid nerveThe posterior triangle is a triangular area found posteriorly to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. It has three borders; anterior, posterior and inferior borders. The anterior border is the posterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The posterior border is the anterior margin of the trapezius muscle, while the inferior border is the middle one-third of the clavicle. The investing layer of deep cervical fascia and integument forms the roof of the space, while the floor is covered with the prevertebral fascia along with levator scapulae, splenius capitis and the scalene muscles. The inferior belly of omohyoid subdivides the posterior triangle into a small supraclavicular, and a large occipital, triangle.Contents:Vessels: the third part of the subclavian artery, suprascapular and transverse cervical branches of the thyrocervical trunk, external jugular vein, lymph nodesNerves: accessory nerve (CN XI), the trunks of the brachial plexus, fibers of the cervical plexusOf the muscles listed in the options, only the anterior scalene is situated within the posterior triangle of the neck.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Head And Neck
      16.5
      Seconds
  • Question 4 - In adults, the conus medullaris of the spinal cord lies at which of...

    Incorrect

    • In adults, the conus medullaris of the spinal cord lies at which of the following vertebral levels:

      Your Answer: L4/L5

      Correct Answer: L1/L2

      Explanation:

      At birth, the conus medullaris lies at L3. By the age of 21, it sits at L1/L2.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Head And Neck
      5.2
      Seconds
  • Question 5 - You are reviewing a patient following a fall from a horse. You suspect...

    Incorrect

    • You are reviewing a patient following a fall from a horse. You suspect they may have an Erb's palsy as a result of a brachial plexus injury. Regarding Erb's palsy, which one of the following statements is CORRECT:

      Your Answer: Erb's palsy affects nerves derived from the C7 and C8 nerve roots.

      Correct Answer: Erb's palsy may result in loss of sensation of the regimental badge area.

      Explanation:

      Erb’s palsy is caused by damage to the C5 and C6 nerve roots and thus primarily involves the musculocutaneous, suprascapular and axillary nerves. It commonly result from an excessive increase in the angle between the neck and the shoulder e.g. a person thrown from a motorbike or horseback or during a difficult birth. There is loss or weakness of abduction, lateral rotation and flexion of the arm and flexion and supination of the forearm and loss of sensation on the lateral arm. A characteristic ‘Waiter’s tip’ deformity may be present where the limb hangs limply by the side, medially rotated by the unopposed action of pectoralis major with the forearm pronated due to paralysis of the biceps brachii.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      7.3
      Seconds
  • Question 6 - A 38-year-old woman presented to the emergency room after an incident of slipping...

    Incorrect

    • A 38-year-old woman presented to the emergency room after an incident of slipping and falling onto her back and left hip. Upon physical examination, it was noted that she has pain on hip flexion, but normal hip adduction. Which of the following muscles was most likely injured in this case?

      Your Answer: Pectinius

      Correct Answer: Sartorius

      Explanation:

      The hip adductors are a group of five muscles located in the medial compartment of the thigh. These muscles are the adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, and pectineus.The hip flexors consist of 5 key muscles that contribute to hip flexion: iliacus, psoas, pectineus, rectus femoris, and sartorius.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      12.6
      Seconds
  • Question 7 - In the emergency department, a 50-year-old female appears with a lack of sensation...

    Incorrect

    • In the emergency department, a 50-year-old female appears with a lack of sensation over the front two-thirds of her tongue. Taste and salivation are both present. The patient might have damage which of her nerves?

      Your Answer: Chorda tympani nerve

      Correct Answer: Lingual nerve

      Explanation:

      The lingual nerve, a branch of the mandibular nerve, transmits sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The chorda tympani, a branch of the facial nerve, transmits taste to the front two-thirds of the tongue as well as secretomotor innervation to the submandibular and sublingual glands. As a result, any damage to the lingual nerve can cause changes in salivary secretion on the affected side, as well as a loss of taste in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and temporary or permanent sensory changes in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and the floor of the mouth.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Cranial Nerve Lesions
      7.5
      Seconds
  • Question 8 - Regarding the trachea, which of the following statements is INCORRECT: ...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding the trachea, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: A cricothyrotomy involves making an opening in the neck inferior to the cricoid cartilage.

      Explanation:

      A cricothyrotomy involves making an opening in the median cricothyroid ligament (the medial part of the cricothyroid membrane), between the cricoid cartilage below and the thyroid cartilage above.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Head And Neck
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 9 - A 34-year-old man presented to the emergency room after being involved in a...

    Incorrect

    • A 34-year-old man presented to the emergency room after being involved in a road traffic accident. Upon observation and examination, it was noted that he was hypotensive and has muffled heart sounds. It was suspected that he has pericardial effusion, so an emergency pericardiocentesis was to be performed.In performing pericardiocentesis for suspected pericardial effusion, which of the following anatomical sites are at risk of being punctured?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: 1 cm below the left xiphocostal angle

      Explanation:

      Pericardiocentesis is a procedure done to remove fluid build-up in the sac around the heart known as the pericardium. The pericardium can be tapped from almost any reasonable location on the chest wall. However, for the usual blind pericardiocentesis, the subxiphoid approach is preferred. Ideally, 2-D echocardiography is used to guide needle insertion and the subsequent path of the needle/catheter.In the subxiphoid approach, the needle is inserted 1 cm inferior to the left xiphocostal angle with an angle of 30 degrees from the patient’s chest with a direction towards the left mid-clavicle. The fingers may sense a distinct give when the needle penetrates the parietal pericardium. Successful removal of fluid confirms the needle’s position.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Abdomen And Pelvis
      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 10 - Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of aspirin: ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of aspirin:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitor

      Explanation:

      Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and the resulting inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis results in analgesic, antipyretic and to a lesser extent anti-inflammatory actions.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Central Nervous System
      • Pharmacology
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 11 - You have been asked to give a tutorial on common upper limb neurology...

    Incorrect

    • You have been asked to give a tutorial on common upper limb neurology to a group of medical students. You use the example of a man falling from a balcony onto spiked fencing, sustaining a puncture wound to the axilla. This results in an injury to the musculocutaneous nerve. Which of the following clinical features would you LEAST expect to see in this patient:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Weakness of forearm pronation

      Explanation:

      Flexion of the arm and flexion and supination of the forearm are weakened but not lost entirely due to the actions of the pectoralis major and deltoid, the brachioradialis and the supinator muscles respectively. There is loss of sensation over the lateral aspect of the forearm. Forearm pronation would not be affected as this is primarily produced by the pronator quadratus and pronator teres muscles, innervated by the median nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 12 - The least likely feature expected to be seen in a lesion of the...

    Incorrect

    • The least likely feature expected to be seen in a lesion of the frontal lobe is which of the following?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Loss of two-point discrimination

      Explanation:

      Lesions in different areas give rise to different symptoms. Lesions of the parietal lobe give rise to loss of two-point discrimination. Lesions to Broca’s area give rise to expressive dysphasia results from damage Lesions to the primary motor cortex give rise to contralateral weakness of the face and arm. Lesions to the prefrontal cortex give rise to personality change. Lesions to the frontal eye field give rise to conjugate eye deviation towards side of lesion.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Central Nervous System
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 13 - A 7-year old boy is referred to the Paediatrics Department due to slurred...

    Incorrect

    • A 7-year old boy is referred to the Paediatrics Department due to slurred speech. Upon further examination, the attending physician noted the presence of dysdiadochokinesia, intention tremors, and nystagmus. An MRI is taken, which revealed a brain tumour.Which of the following options is the most probable diagnosis given the clinical features of the patient?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Astrocytoma of cerebellum

      Explanation:

      Pilocytic astrocytoma (PCA), previously known as cystic cerebellar astrocytoma or juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma, was first described in 1931 by Harvey Cushing, based on a case series of cerebellar astrocytomas; though he never used these terms but rather described a spongioblastoma. They are low-grade, and usually well-circumscribed tumours, which tend to occur in young patients. By the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumours, they are considered grade I gliomas and have a good prognosis.PCA most commonly occurs in the cerebellum but can also occur in the optic pathway, hypothalamus, and brainstem. They can also occur in the cerebral hemispheres, although this tends to be the case in young adults. Presentation and treatment vary for PCA in other locations. Glial cells include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglia. Astrocytic tumours arise from astrocytes and are the most common tumour of glial origin. The WHO 2016 categorized these tumours as either diffuse gliomas or other astrocytic tumours. Diffuse gliomas include grade II and III diffuse astrocytomas, grade IV glioblastoma, and diffuse gliomas of childhood. The other astrocytic tumours group include PCA, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, and anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.PCA can present with symptoms secondary to the posterior fossa mass effect. This may include obstructive hydrocephalus, with resultant headache, nausea and vomiting, and papilledema. If hydrocephalus occurs before the fusion of the cranial sutures (<18-months-of-age), then an increase in head circumference will likely occur. Lesions of the cerebellar hemisphere result in peripheral ataxia, dysmetria, intention tremor, nystagmus, and dysarthria. In contrast, lesions of the vermis cause a broad-based gait, truncal ataxia, and titubation. Posterior fossa lesions can also cause cranial nerve palsies. Diplopia may occur due to abducens palsy from the stretching of the nerve. They may also have blurred vision due to papilledema. Seizures are rare with posterior fossa lesions.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Central Nervous System
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 14 - Regarding the tongue, which of the following statements is CORRECT: ...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding the tongue, which of the following statements is CORRECT:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: The lymphatic supply of the tongue drains to the jugulo-omohyoid node of the deep cervical chain.

      Explanation:

      All lymphatics from the tongue ultimately drain into the deep cervical chain of nodes along the internal jugular vein, particularly the jugulo-omohyoid lymph node.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Head And Neck
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 15 - An injury to the brachial plexus can cause Erb's palsy. The following is...

    Incorrect

    • An injury to the brachial plexus can cause Erb's palsy. The following is expected to happen to a patient suffering from this condition, except for which one:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Weakness of medial rotation of the arm

      Explanation:

      Erb’s palsy can be caused by a traumatic force downward on the upper arm and shoulder that damages the upper root of the brachial plexus. The patient will lose shoulder abduction (deltoid, supraspinatus), shoulder external rotation (infraspinatus), and elbow flexion as a result of this condition (biceps, brachialis).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 16 - Which of the following is first-line for management of status epilepticus: ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following is first-line for management of status epilepticus:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Intravenous lorazepam

      Explanation:

      First-line treatment is with intravenous lorazepam if available. Intravenous diazepam is effective but it carries a high risk of thrombophlebitis so should only be used if intravenous lorazepam is not immediately available. Absorption of diazepam from intramuscular injection or from suppositories is too slow for treatment of status epilepticus. When facilities for resuscitation are not immediately available or if unable to secure immediate intravenous access, diazepam can be administered as a rectal solution or midazolam oromucosal solution can be given into the buccal cavity.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Central Nervous System
      • Pharmacology
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 17 - Which of the following anatomical structures is most likely the cause of oedema...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following anatomical structures is most likely the cause of oedema and erythema of the arm in a patient who underwent modified radical mastectomy and radiotherapy?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Axillary lymph nodes

      Explanation:

      Arm oedema is one of the sequelae after breast cancer surgery and radiation therapy. Arm oedema in the breast cancer patient is caused by interruption of the axillary lymphatic system by surgery or radiation therapy, which results in the accumulation of fluid in subcutaneous tissue in the arm, with decreased distensibility of tissue around the joints and increased weight of the extremity. Chronic inflammatory changes result in both subcutaneous and lymph vessel fibrosis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Thorax
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 18 - Which of the following nerves is most important for eversion of the foot:...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following nerves is most important for eversion of the foot:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Superficial fibular nerve

      Explanation:

      Eversion of the foot is primarily produced by the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis, both innervated by the superficial fibular nerve. The fibularis tertius, innervated by the deep fibular nerve, also assists in this action.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 19 - A 4-year old boy is taken to the emergency room after a sudden...

    Incorrect

    • A 4-year old boy is taken to the emergency room after a sudden onset of coughing and wheezing. Further investigation reveals that he was drawing quietly in his room, when suddenly, he became anxious and started coughing. The parents also noted that the eraser on top of the pencil was missing.A plain radiographic chest imaging is conducted, and confirmed foreign body aspiration.Which of the following areas in the tracheobronchial tree is the most probable location of the aspirated eraser?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Right main bronchus

      Explanation:

      In foreign body aspiration, the foreign body is more likely to enter the right main bronchus because it is shorter, wider and more vertical than the left main bronchus. In a patient who is standing or sitting, the foreign body tends to become lodged in the posterobasal segment of the inferior lobe of the right lung.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Thorax
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 20 - Which of the following anatomic structures will gallstones most likely lodge into, and...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following anatomic structures will gallstones most likely lodge into, and cause cholestasis?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Hartmann’s pouch

      Explanation:

      Hartmann’s pouch is a diverticulum that can occur at the neck of the gallbladder. It is one of the rarest congenital anomalies of the gallbladder. Hartmann’s gallbladder pouch is a frequent but inconsistent feature of normal and pathologic human gallbladders. It is caused by adhesions between the cystic duct and the neck of the gallbladder. As a result, it is classified as a morphologic rather than an anatomic entity.There is a significant association between the presence of Hartmann’s pouch and gallbladder stones. It is the most common location for gallstones to become lodged and cause cholestasis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Abdomen And Pelvis
      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 21 - A 30-year old male is taken to the emergency room after suffering a...

    Incorrect

    • A 30-year old male is taken to the emergency room after suffering a blunt trauma to the abdomen. He is complaining of severe abdominal pain, however all his other vital signs remain stable. A FAST scan is performed to assess for hemoperitoneum.If hemoperitoneum is present, it is most likely to be observed in which of the following areas?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Liver

      Explanation:

      The Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) is an ultrasound protocol developed to assess for hemoperitoneum and hemopericardium. Numerous studies have demonstrated sensitivities between 85% to 96% and specificities exceeding 98%.The FAST exam evaluates four regions for pathologic fluid: (1) the right upper quadrant, (2) the subxiphoid (or subcostal) view, (3) the left upper quadrant, and (4) the suprapubic region.The right upper quadrant (RUQ) visualizes the hepatorenal recess, also known as Morrison’s pouch, the right paracolic gutter, the hepato-diaphragmatic area, and the caudal edge of the left liver lobe. The probe is positioned in the sagittal orientation along the patient’s flank at the level of the 8 to 11 rib spaces. The hand is placed against the bed to ensure visualization of the retroperitoneal kidney. The RUQ view is the most likely to detect free fluid with an overall sensitivity of 66%. Recent retrospective evidence suggests the area along the caudal edge of the left lobe of the liver has the highest sensitivity, exceeding 93%.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Abdomen And Pelvis
      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 22 - What type of visual field defect are you most likely to see in...

    Incorrect

    • What type of visual field defect are you most likely to see in a lesion of the parietal optic radiation:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Contralateral homonymous inferior quadrantanopia

      Explanation:

      A lesion of the parietal optic radiation will result in a contralateral homonymous inferior quadrantanopia.A lesion of the temporal optic radiation will result in a contralateral homonymous superior quadrantanopia.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Central Nervous System
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 23 - The common bile duct drains into the duodenum in which of the following...

    Incorrect

    • The common bile duct drains into the duodenum in which of the following regions:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Second part of the duodenum

      Explanation:

      As the common bile duct descends, it passes posterior to the first part of the duodenum before joining with the pancreatic duct from the pancreas, forming the hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater) at the major duodenal papilla, located in the second part of the duodenum. Surrounding the ampulla is the sphincter of Oddi, a collection of smooth muscle which can open to allow bile and pancreatic fluid to empty into the duodenum.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Abdomen
      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 24 - Which of the following ligaments supports the head of the talus? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following ligaments supports the head of the talus?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Spring ligament

      Explanation:

      The spring-ligament complex is a significant medial arch stabilizer. The two important functions of this ligament include promoting the stability of the talonavicular joint by acting as a support for the talus head and by acting as a static support to maintain the medial longitudinal arch.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 25 - A 35 year old man presents with a deep laceration to the proximal...

    Incorrect

    • A 35 year old man presents with a deep laceration to the proximal part of the forearm. On further assessment, the patient is unable to flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and interphalangeal joints of the index, middle finger and the thumb. The ring and little fingers are intact but there is weakness at the proximal interphalangeal joint.There is also loss of sensation over the lateral palm and the palmar surface of the lateral three and a half fingers. Which of these nerve(s) has most likely been affected?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Median nerve

      Explanation:

      A median nerve injury affecting the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the hand will present with:Loss of sensation to the lateral palm and the lateral three and a half fingers.Weakness of flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints of the index and middle finger. This is because of paralysis of the lateral two lumbricals. Weakness of flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joints of all four fingers due to paralysis of the flexor digitorum superficialisWeakness of flexion at the distal interphalangeal joints of the index and middle finger following paralysis of the lateral half of the flexor digitorum profundus.Weakness of thumb flexion, abduction and opposition due to paralysis of the flexor pollicis longus and thenar muscles

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 26 - A patient who has a nerve injury has sparing of the upper half...

    Incorrect

    • A patient who has a nerve injury has sparing of the upper half of the orbicularis oculi muscle but not the lower half. Which branch of the facial nerve supplies the lower half of the orbicularis oculi?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Zygomatic branch

      Explanation:

      The facial nerve divides into five terminal branches once in the parotid gland. 1. The temporal branch innervates muscles in the temple, forehead and supraorbital areas.2. The zygomatic branch innervates muscles in the infraorbital area, the lateral nasal area and the upper lip.3. The buccal branch innervates muscles in the cheek, the upper lip and the corner of the mouth. 4. The marginal mandibular branch innervates muscles of the lower lip and chin. 5. The cervical branch innervates the platysma muscle.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Cranial Nerve Lesions
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 27 - A man working as a waiter cuts his arm on a glass while...

    Incorrect

    • A man working as a waiter cuts his arm on a glass while he was working. The palmaris longus muscle was damaged as a consequence of his injury.Which of the following statements regarding the palmaris longus muscle is considered correct?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: It receives its blood supply from the ulnar artery

      Explanation:

      The palmaris longus is a small, fusiform-shaped muscle located on the anterior forearm of the human upper extremity. The palmaris longus muscle is commonly present but may be absent in a small percentage of the population, ranging from 2.5% to 26% of individuals, depending on the studied population.The palmaris longus belongs to the anterior forearm flexor group in the human upper extremity. The muscle attaches proximally to the medial humeral epicondyle and distally to the palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum. The blood supply to the palmaris longus muscle is via the ulnar artery, a branch of the brachial artery in the human upper extremity.The palmaris longus muscle receives its innervation via branches of the median nerve containing nerve roots C5-T1. Median nerve injury at or above the elbow joint (including brachial plexus and nerve root injury) can lead to deficits in the palmaris longus and other forearm flexor muscles, leading to weakened elbow flexion, wrist flexion, radial deviation, finger flexion, thumb opposition, flexion, and abduction, in addition to the loss of sensory function in the distribution of the median nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 28 - A 25 year old man has sustained a fracture to the surgical neck...

    Incorrect

    • A 25 year old man has sustained a fracture to the surgical neck of the humerus after falling from his bike. Examination suggests an axillary nerve injury. The clinical features expected to be seen in this patient are:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Weakness of shoulder abduction

      Explanation:

      Axillary nerve injury results in:1. weakness of arm abduction (paralysis of deltoid), 2. weakness of lateral rotation of the arm (paralysis of teres minor) 3. loss of sensation over the regimental badge area.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Upper Limb
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 29 - A 53-year-old man arrives at the emergency department complaining of visual impairment in...

    Incorrect

    • A 53-year-old man arrives at the emergency department complaining of visual impairment in his right eye. On examination, you notice that neither his right nor left pupil constricts when you shine a light in his right eye. When you flash a light in his left eye, the pupils of both his left and right eyes constrict. Which of the following nerves is the most likely to be affected:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Optic nerve

      Explanation:

      In full optic nerve palsy, the afferent pupillary light reflex is lost. Because the afferent optic nerve does not sense light flashed in the afflicted eye, the ipsilateral direct and contralateral consensual reflexes are gone. However, the contralateral direct and ipsilateral consensual reflexes are intact because the efferent oculomotor nerve is normal.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Cranial Nerve Lesions
      0
      Seconds
  • Question 30 - A paediatric patient comes to the emergency room with complaints of right lower...

    Incorrect

    • A paediatric patient comes to the emergency room with complaints of right lower quadrant pain. The attending physician is considering appendicitis. Inside the operating room, the surgeon asks the medical student to locate the McBurney's point prior to the first incision.Which of the following is the surface anatomy of the McBurney's point?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: One-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus

      Explanation:

      Inflammation of the appendix is a significant public health problem with a lifetime incidence of 8.6% in men and 6.7% in women, with the highest incidence occurring in the second and third decade of life. While the rate of appendectomy in developed countries has decreased over the last several decades, it remains one of the most frequent emergent abdominal operations. Appendicitis can often result in anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and fever.McBurney’s point, which is found one-third of the distance between the anterior superior iliac spine and the umbilicus, is often the point of maximal tenderness in a patient with an anatomically normal appendix. A McBurney’s incision is chiefly used for cecostomy and appendectomy. It gives a limited exposure only, and should any doubt arise about the diagnosis, an infraumbilical right paramedian incision should be used instead.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Abdomen And Pelvis
      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Anatomy (1/6) 17%
Cranial Nerve Lesions (0/2) 0%
Lower Limb (1/1) 100%
Head And Neck (0/2) 0%
Upper Limb (0/1) 0%
Central Nervous System (1/1) 100%
Pharmacology (1/1) 100%
Passmed