-
Question 1
Incorrect
-
You are asked to assess a patients perineal tear following labour by vaginal delivery. You note a laceration that extends through the vaginal mucosa into the perineal muscle and fascia. The external anal sphincter appears to be in tact. How would you classify this tear?
Your Answer: 3rd type B
Correct Answer: 2nd
Explanation:If the external anal sphincter is in tact then this is a 1st or 2nd degree tear. As the perineal muscles are involved this is 2nd degree tear.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 2
Incorrect
-
What is the average anteroposterior distance of the female pelvic outlet?
Your Answer: 7.5 cm
Correct Answer: 13 cm
Explanation:The pelvic outlet is bounded in front by the lower margin of the symphysis pubis, on each side by the descending ramus of the pubic bone, the ischial tuberosity and the sacrotuberous ligament, and posteriorly by the last piece of the sacrum. The AP diameter of the pelvic outlet is 13.5 cm and the transverse diameter is 11 cm.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 3
Correct
-
Which of the following arteries branches directly from the aorta?
Your Answer: Ovarian
Explanation:The ovarian artery takes its origin directly from the aorta. While the uterine and the vaginal arteries are all branches of the internal iliac artery.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 4
Incorrect
-
Regarding the uterine artery which of the following statements are TRUE?
Your Answer: It arises from the external ilia artery
Correct Answer: It arises from the internal iliac artery
Explanation:The uterine artery arises from the internal iliac artery, in particular the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. Some older texts refer to the internal iliac as the hypogastric artery. The vaginal artery typically arises as its own branch of the internal iliac artery. The ovarian arteries are branches of the aorta
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 5
Incorrect
-
What is the anatomical landmark used for gauging the station of the fetal head during labour?
Your Answer: Pubic arch
Correct Answer: Ischial Spine
Explanation:The ischial spine is the anatomical landmark for assessing the station of the fetal head and also placing pudendal nerve blocks. (the pudendal nerve runs posterior to the ischial spine). The ischial spine can be palpated approximately 8cm into the vagina, at 4 and 8 o’clock.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 6
Incorrect
-
Which of the following statements regarding the Vaginal artery is typically TRUE?
Your Answer: It arises from the Ovarian artery
Correct Answer: It arises from the Internal iliac artery
Explanation:The Vaginal artery, like the Uterine artery is typically a branch of the Internal Iliac artery. It can sometimes arise as a branch of the Uterine artery so it is important to read the question (if the stem stated it CAN arise from the Uterine artery then that would be true)
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 7
Correct
-
The inguinal canal is reinforced posteriorly by which structure?
Your Answer: Conjoint tendon
Explanation:The Conjoint tendon AKA Inguinal falx reinforces the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. The inguinal and lacunar ligaments are part of the floor The aponeurosis of external oblique is the major component of the anterior wall with fibres of internal oblique reinforcing the lateral part
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 8
Correct
-
The ovarian artery is a branch of the:
Your Answer: Aorta
Explanation:The ovarian artery is an artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary in females. It arises from the abdominal aorta below the renal artery. It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary, anterior to the ovarian vein and ureter.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 9
Incorrect
-
You are reviewing a patient who is complaining of pain and numbness to the right anterior aspect of her labia following abdominal hysterectomy. You suspect ilioinguinal nerve injury. What spinal segment is the ilioinguinal nerve derived from?
Your Answer: L1-L3
Correct Answer: L1
Explanation:Ilioinguinal nerve injury is one of the most common nerve injuries associated with pelvic surgery.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 10
Incorrect
-
All of the following are features of the female bony pelvis, except?
Your Answer: Has an obtuse greater sciatic notch
Correct Answer: It is funnel shaped
Explanation:The female bony pelvis is larger, broader and more of a funnel shape. The inlet is larger and oval in shape and the sides of the female pelvis are wider apart.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 11
Correct
-
Which of the following is true about the origin of the ovarian artery?
Your Answer: It arises from the Abdominal Aorta
Explanation:The ovarian arteries are considered the main blood supply for the ovaries. The ovarian arteries usually arise from the lateral aspect of the abdominal artery, though in some instances they may arise from the renal or iliac arteries.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 12
Correct
-
A patient attends clinic with a vaginal prolapse. On examination the vaginal prolapse is visible 1.5cm above the plane of the hymen. According to the POPQ classification what grade is this prolapse?
Your Answer: Grade 1
Explanation:This is a grade 1 prolapse
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 13
Correct
-
Question 14
Correct
-
Regarding lymph drainage of the fallopian tubes where does the majority of lymph drain to?
Your Answer: Para-aortic nodes
Explanation:Lymphatic vessels from the ovaries, joined by vessels from the uterine tubes and most from the fundus of the uterus, follow the ovarian veins as they ascend to the right and left lumbar (caval/aortic) lymph nodes.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 15
Correct
-
A patient undergoes oophorectomy and the ovarian veins are ligated. Which vein does the right ovary drain into?
Your Answer: Inferior vena cava
Explanation:The right ovarian vein travels through the suspensory ligament of the ovary and generally joins the inferior vena cava whereas the left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 16
Correct
-
The femoral triangle is bounded medially by which of the following structures?
Your Answer: Adductor longus
Explanation:The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by the inguinal ligament which forms the base of the triangle, medially by the lateral border of the adductor longus and laterally by the sartorius muscle.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 17
Incorrect
-
Bladder neck closure and relaxation of the bladder is mediated by?
Your Answer: Sympathetic Fibres S2,S3,S4
Correct Answer: Sympathetic Fibres L1,L2
Explanation:The neck of the bladder is surrounded by the internal sphincter. It is supplied by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves of the splanchnic nerve. Parasympathetic stimulation causes the detrusor muscle to contract and the internal urethral sphincter to relax. It Is predominantly by the parasympathetic nerves S2-S4. Relaxation of the bladder is caused by inhibiting the sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons and exciting the lumbar sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Remember SYMPATHETIC is for STORAGE and PARASYMPATHETIC is for PEEING.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 18
Correct
-
Which of the following terms best describes the pelvic type of small posterior sagittal diameter, convergent sidewalls, prominent ischial spines, and narrow pubic arch?
Your Answer: Android
Explanation:There are four types pelvic shapes:
1) Android pelvis: it has a larger inlet and smaller outlet along with small posterior sagittal diameter, prominent ischial spines and has a two finger arch.
2) Gynecoid pelvis: it has a transverse or nearly a circular ellipse and it is the most favourable for delivery.
3) Anthropoid pelvis: the brim is an anteroposterior ellipse.
4) Platypelloid pelvis: in this type the pelvic brim is kidney shape -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 19
Correct
-
Question 20
Correct
-
Question 21
Incorrect
-
Regarding the pubic symphysis, what type of joint is it
Your Answer: Synovial
Correct Answer: Secondary Cartilaginous
Explanation:The pubic symphysis is a cartilaginous joint. The cartilaginous joints are divided further into primary and secondary joints. The primary joint is called the synchondrosis. It articulates with the pubis of the other side.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 22
Correct
-
Regarding the foetus, which one of the following statements is true?
Your Answer: Fetal lie describes the long axis of the foetus to the long axis of the mother
Explanation:Fetal lie describes the relationship of the long axis of the foetus with respect to the long axis of the mother.
Coronal suture is the transverse suture separating the parietal bone from the frontal bone.
Umbilical cord is composed of two arteries and one vein. the vein carries the oxygenated blood, whereas the arteries contain the deoxygenated blood.
At the time of birth, the anterior fontanelle is open and appears as a soft jelly like structure. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 23
Incorrect
-
Regarding lymph drainage of the lower vagina where does the majority of lymph drain to?
Your Answer: Para-aortic nodes
Correct Answer: Inguinal nodes
Explanation:Lymphatic vessels from the vagina drain from the parts of the vagina as follows:
• Superior part: to the internal and external iliac lymph nodes.
• Middle part: to the internal iliac lymph nodes.
• Inferior part: to the sacral and common iliac nodes. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 24
Correct
-
A patient undergoes surgery for a vaginal vault prolapse. After surgery she complains of numbness of the anterior aspect of the labia. Which nerve has likely been damaged during surgery?
Your Answer: Ilioinguinal
Explanation:The anterior aspect of the vulva (mons pubis, anterior labia) is supplied by derivatives of the lumbar plexus: the anterior labial nerves, derived from the
ilio-inguinal nerve, and the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve.
The posterior aspect of the vulva is supplied by derivatives of the sacral plexus: the perineal branch of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh laterally, and the pudendal nerve centrally. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 25
Incorrect
-
The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by which of the following structures?
Your Answer: Adductor longus
Correct Answer: Inguinal ligament
Explanation:Boundaries of the Femoral Triangle:
Superior: Inguinal ligament
Medial: Medial border of the adductor longus
Lateral: Medial border of the sartorius
Floor: Pectineus, Adductor longus and Iliopsoas muscles
Roof: Fascia Lata -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 26
Incorrect
-
The arterial blood supply to the bladder is via branches of which artery?
Your Answer: Internal pudendal
Correct Answer: Internal Iliac
Explanation:The bladder is supplied by branches of the internal iliac artery, including the superior vesical artery, branches of the gluteal and obturator arteries and the inferior vesical artery in males and the vaginal and the uterine arteries in females.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 27
Incorrect
-
Which one of the following measurements is usually taken during clinical exam of the pelvis?
Your Answer: Transverse diameter of the inlet
Correct Answer: Shape of the pubic arch
Explanation:During pelvimetry, the shape of the pubic arch is usually examined. It helps in determining the outcome of the type of fetal delivery.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 28
Incorrect
-
Which of the following leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen?
Your Answer: Obturator Nerve
Correct Answer: Pudendal Nerve
Explanation:The pudendal nerve arises from the S2-S4 nerve roots and it lies medial to the internal pudendal artery while exiting the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen. It curves around the sacrospinous ligament and re-enters the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen and from there it runs medial to the ischial tuberosity over the obturator internus in the pudendal canal to the deep perineal pouch.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 29
Incorrect
-
At what angle is the plane of the pelvic inlet to the anatomical horizontal plane?
Your Answer: 15
Correct Answer: 60
Explanation:The female pelvic inlet tilts at an inclination that is about 60 degrees from the anatomical horizontal plane. This tilt is maintained by muscles and fascia. The pelvic outlet slopes at an angle of 15 degrees.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 30
Correct
-
The arcuate line forms part of the border of the pelvic brim. Where is it located?
Your Answer: Ilium
Explanation:Arcuate means ‘bow shaped’ and there are different arcuate lines in anatomical terms. Regarding the pelvic brim this is composed of the arcuate line of the ilium, pectineal line and prominences of sacrum and pubic symphysis (as demonstrated in the images below). As can be seen the arcuate line is a smooth rounded border on the internal surface of the ilium inferior to the iliac fossa and Iliacus. Image sourced from Wikipedia Note: The pelvic outlet is also called the inferior aperture. The pelvic brim is the superior aperture
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
