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  • Question 1 - Regarding oral rehydration therapy, which of the following statements is INCORRECT: ...

    Correct

    • Regarding oral rehydration therapy, which of the following statements is INCORRECT:

      Your Answer: Oral rehydration solutions should be slightly hyperosmolar.

      Explanation:

      Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a fluid replacement strategy used to prevent or treat dehydration. It is less invasive than other strategies for fluid replacement and has successfully lowered the mortality rate of diarrhoea in developing countries. Oral rehydration solutions should be slightly hypo-osmolar (about 250 mmol/litre) to prevent the possible induction of osmotic diarrhoea.ORT contains glucose (e.g. 90 mmol/L in dioralyte). The addition of glucose improves sodium and water absorption in the bowel and prevents hypoglycaemia. It also contains essential mineral salts.Current NICE guidance recommends that 50 ml/kg is given over 4 hours for the treatment of mild dehydration.Once rehydrated, a child should continue with their usual daily fluid intake plus 200 ml ORT after each loose stool. In an infant, give ORT at 1-1.5 x the normal feed volume and in an adult, give 200-400 ml after each loose stool.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Fluids And Electrolytes
      • Pharmacology
      28.2
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding potassium replacement? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding potassium replacement?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Oral potassium supplements are often required for patients taking spironolactone.

      Explanation:

      It is very seldom that potassium supplements are required with the small doses of diuretics given to treat hypertension. Potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone (rather than potassium supplements), are recommended for hypokalaemia prevention when diuretics are given to eliminate oedema, such as furosemide or the thiazides.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Fluids And Electrolytes
      • Pharmacology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - Normal saline (sodium chloride 0.9%) contains which of the following: ...

    Incorrect

    • Normal saline (sodium chloride 0.9%) contains which of the following:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Sodium and chloride

      Explanation:

      Normal saline (sodium chloride 0.9%) contains:Na+150 mmol/LCl-150 mmol/L

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Fluids And Electrolytes
      • Pharmacology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Hartmann's solution contains how much sodium: ...

    Incorrect

    • Hartmann's solution contains how much sodium:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: 131 mmol/L

      Explanation:

      Hartmann’s solution (compound sodium lactate) contains: Na+131 mmol/L, K+5 mmol/L, HCO3-29 mmol/L (as lactate), Cl-111 mmol/L, Ca2+2 mmol/L. It can be used instead of isotonic sodium chloride solution during or after surgery, or in the initial management of the injured or wounded; it may reduce the risk of hyperchloraemic acidosis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Fluids And Electrolytes
      • Pharmacology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Which of the following drugs used in the management of hyperkalaemia does not...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following drugs used in the management of hyperkalaemia does not affect serum potassium levels:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Calcium gluconate

      Explanation:

      Calcium gluconate is given to antagonise cardiac cell membrane excitability to reduce the risk of arrhythmias. It has no effect on serum potassium levels unlike the alternative drugs listed above.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Fluids And Electrolytes
      • Pharmacology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - Intravenous glucose solutions are typically used in the treatment of all of the...

    Incorrect

    • Intravenous glucose solutions are typically used in the treatment of all of the following situations except:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Hypokalaemia

      Explanation:

      In hypokalaemia, initial potassium replacement therapy should not involve glucose infusions, as glucose may cause a further decrease in the plasma-potassium concentration. Glucose infusions are used for the other indications like diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycaemia, routine fluid maintenance in patients who are nil by mouth (very important in children), and in hyperkalaemia.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Fluids And Electrolytes
      • Pharmacology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Which of the following best describes the therapeutic effect of calcium gluconate when used...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following best describes the therapeutic effect of calcium gluconate when used in treatment for hyperkalaemia:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Reduces cardiac cell membrane excitability

      Explanation:

      Calcium resonium is an ion-exchange resin that exchanges sodium for potassium as it passes through the intestine, leading to excretion of potassium from the body. Salbutamol and insulin act to increase intracellular uptake of K+ via Na-K ATP pump. Sodium bicarbonate acts to correct acidosis and thus promotes intracellular uptake of K+. Calcium gluconate acts to protect the cardiac membrane and has no effect on serum K+ levels.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Fluids And Electrolytes
      • Pharmacology
      0
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Fluids And Electrolytes (1/1) 100%
Pharmacology (1/1) 100%
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