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Question 1
Incorrect
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Which of the following diseases correctly matches the incubation period?
Your Answer: Hand foot and mouth disease: 7 - 10 days
Correct Answer: Mumps: 14 - 18 days
Explanation:The incubation periods of disorders is extremely important to diagnose, treat, prevent or attenuate a disease.
- Chickenpox: 7-21 days.
- Whooping cough: 10-14 days.
- Hand, foot and mouth disease: 2-6 days.
- German measles: 14-21 days.
- Mumps: 14-18 days.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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Question 2
Incorrect
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A 31-year-old homosexual male is complaining of recent weight loss and blurred vision. A fundoscope was performed showing retinal haemorrhage. What is the single most appropriate option?
Your Answer: Mycobacterium avium
Correct Answer: HIV/AIDS
Explanation:Given the symptoms described in a 31-year-old homosexual male, along with the findings of weight loss, blurred vision, and retinal hemorrhage, the single most appropriate option to consider is HIV/AIDS.
HIV/AIDS can manifest with a wide range of symptoms, including unintentional weight loss and blurred vision. Retinal hemorrhage can also occur as a complication of HIV/AIDS, particularly in advanced stages when the immune system is severely compromised.
In this case, it’s important to conduct further diagnostic tests, including HIV testing, to confirm the diagnosis. Additionally, prompt initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for managing HIV/AIDS and preventing further complications. Referral to an infectious disease specialist for comprehensive management is recommended.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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Question 3
Incorrect
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A 20-year-old pregnant female in her first trimester met a child with chickenpox. She was investigated for the varicella antibody, which came back negative. She visited her GP. Which of the following measures is the most appropriate one?
Your Answer: Reassurance
Correct Answer: Ig
Explanation:After the exposure to chickenpox while pregnant, even if the patient is negative for antibodies she requires immunoglobulin to prevent further issues.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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Question 4
Correct
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A 45-year-old woman is HIV positive. She is very concerned that she is at increased risk of cancer. Which one of the following cancers is NOT increased in HIV positive people?
Your Answer: Breast cancer
Explanation:Breast cancer has a lower incidence in HIV positive patients. Seminoma, Hodgkin’s disease, anal cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer are all increased incidence. Memorize this breast cancer fact.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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Question 5
Correct
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A 28-year-old male complained of an annular rash following an insect bite he received during a hiking trip. Which of the following is the drug of choice?
Your Answer: Doxycycline PO
Explanation:The described rash is the typical rash of erythema migrans of Lyme disease, which is treated by doxycycline PO
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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Question 6
Correct
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A 60-year-old male who has been on IV antibiotics for severe pneumonia developed profuse, watery, green coloured diarrhoea on the fifth day of antibiotics. What is the most likely organism responsible for this condition?
Your Answer: Clostridium difficile
Explanation:The most probable cause for diarrhoea is pseudomembranous colitis which is caused by Clostridium difficile. Pseudomembranous colitis is an inflammatory disease of the colon where the antibiotic-induced change in the balance of normal gut flora allows overgrowth of C difficile. Any antibiotic can cause this but the chances are higher with ampicillin, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, and cephalosporins.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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Question 7
Incorrect
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A 14-day-old baby presented in NICU with the signs and symptoms of hydrocephaly, seizures and chorioretinitis. Which of the following infectious agents is most probably the cause in a case like this?
Your Answer: Toxoplasmosis
Correct Answer: Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Explanation:CMV is a common virus in the herpesvirus family that can cause serious illness in newborns when contracted congenitally from the mother during pregnancy. Congenital CMV infection can lead to various neurological manifestations, including hydrocephaly (enlargement of the fluid-filled spaces within the brain), seizures, and chorioretinitis (inflammation of the retina in the eye). These symptoms can result in significant morbidity and long-term complications for the affected infant.
Other congenital infections such as toxoplasmosis, rubella, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and syphilis can also cause similar symptoms in newborns. However, given the presentation described, CMV is the most likely infectious agent.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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Question 8
Incorrect
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A 10-month-old boy is brought to clinic. His parents are concerned because two days ago, he met another child with mumps. Which is the most appropriate strategy for this child?
Your Answer: He should receive mumps immunoglobulin now
Correct Answer: Do nothing now but give MMR at the appropriate age
Explanation:Immunity against mumps develops over a long time. There is nothing to be done except to proceed with the usual vaccination schedule.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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Question 9
Correct
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A 25-year-old pregnant female suddenly developed a rash on her torso. It started as macules and then became vesicles. After 3 days she died. During her post-mortem, positive findings suggestive of pneumonitis were found. Which one of the following is the most common cause?
Your Answer: Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
Explanation:Varicella zoster virus (VZV) presents in this way and the rash transforms from macules to vesicles. Pneumonitis is a common complication of VZV infection.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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Question 10
Correct
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Which of the following vaccines do not contain live organisms?
Your Answer: Polio (Salk)
Explanation:Live virus vaccines include: Vaccinia (smallpox), Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR combined vaccine), Varicella (chickenpox), Influenza (nasal spray), Rotavirus, Zoster (shingles) and Yellow fever. Inactivated vaccines are Polio (IPV), Hepatitis A and Rabies.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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