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Question 1
Correct
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Which of the following movements does the iliacus muscle produce?
Your Answer: Flexion of the thigh at the hip joint
Explanation:The iliacus flexes the thigh at the hip joint when the trunk is stabilised. It flexes the trunk against gravity when the body is supine.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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Question 2
Correct
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External haemorrhoids may cause anal pain. When explaining to your patient why it does so, which of the following nerves will you point out as being affected?
Your Answer: Pudendal nerve
Explanation:The pain associated with external haemorrhoids is carried by a branch of the pudendal nerve, specifically the somatic fibres (S2-S4). It innervates the external anal sphincter and most of the skin over the perineum.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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Question 3
Correct
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An 82 year old man has fever, left sided abdominal and back pain and presents to the emergency room. Imaging reveals a large perinephric abscess. Which of the following most likely describes the fluid location:
Your Answer: Between the renal capsule and the renal fascia
Explanation:The perinephric fat is immediately external to the renal capsule and completely surrounds the kidney. The renal fascia surrounds the perinephric fat and the paranephric fat is external to the renal fascia. The location of a perinephric abscess is in the perinephric fat between the renal capsule and the renal fascia.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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Question 4
Correct
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A 68-year-old man with BPH presents to the emergency department in significant pain secondary to urinary retention. What is the location of the neuronal cell bodies that are responsible for urinary bladder discomfort sensation?
Your Answer: Dorsal root ganglia of spinal cord levels S2, S3 and S4
Explanation:The activation of stretch receptors with visceral afferents relayed through the pelvic nerve plexus and into the pelvic splanchnic nerves causes bladder pain. The sensory fibres of spinal nerves S2 – S4 enter the dorsal root ganglia.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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Question 5
Correct
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The common bile duct drains into the duodenum in which of the following regions:
Your Answer: Second part of the duodenum
Explanation:As the common bile duct descends, it passes posterior to the first part of the duodenum before joining with the pancreatic duct from the pancreas, forming the hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater) at the major duodenal papilla, located in the second part of the duodenum. Surrounding the ampulla is the sphincter of Oddi, a collection of smooth muscle which can open to allow bile and pancreatic fluid to empty into the duodenum.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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Question 6
Correct
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A 45-year-old obese patient goes to the emergency department with a fever and significant right upper quadrant pain. The pain radiates to her right shoulder tip. Murphy's sign is positive and acute cholecystitis is diagnosed. The pain referred to the shoulder tip is caused by one of the following nerves:
Your Answer: Phrenic nerve
Explanation:Gallbladder inflammation can cause pain in the right upper quadrant and right shoulder, which is caused by irritation of the diaphragmatic peritoneum. Pain from areas supplied by the phrenic nerve is often referred to other somatic regions served by spinal nerves C3-C5.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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Question 7
Correct
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Which of the following statement is correct with regards to the female urethra?
Your Answer: The urethra opens in the vestibule that lies between the labia minora.
Explanation:The urethra in women is short (about 4 cm long), and begins at the base of the bladder. Its course runs inferiorly through the urogenital diaphragm, then into the perineum. It then opens in the vestibule which lies between the labia minora. The inferior aspect of the urethra is bound to the anterior surface of the vagina. The urethral opening is anterior to the vaginal opening in the vestibule. As the urethra passes through the pelvic floor, it is surrounded by the external urethral sphincter.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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Question 8
Correct
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Regarding the penis, which of the following statements is CORRECT:
Your Answer: The corpus spongiosum is ventral in the erect penis.
Explanation:Because the anatomical position of the penis is erect, the paired corpora cavernosa are defined as dorsal in the body of the penis and the single corpus spongiosum as ventral. The nerves and vessels lie superficial to the corpus cavernosum. The urethra lies within the corpus spongiosum.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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Question 9
Correct
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A 45-year-old man had a painless superficial inguinal lymphadenopathy. It was later found to be malignant. Which of the following parts of the body is most likely the origin of this cancerous lymph node?
Your Answer: Anal canal
Explanation:A cancer of the anal canal below the pectinate line would spread to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes. Anal cancer often spreads through lymphatic drainage to the internal iliac lymph nodes in lesions above the pectinate line and to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes in lesions below the pectinate line.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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Question 10
Correct
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A 30 year old man presents to ED after a road traffic accident. Free intraperitoneal fluid is found on FAST (Focussed assessment for sonography in trauma) done in the supine position. Which of these is most likely to be affected?
Your Answer: Hepatorenal recess
Explanation:Fluid accumulates most often in the hepatorenal pouch (of Morrison) in a supine patient. The hepatorenal pouch is located behind the liver and anterior to the right kidney and is the lowest space in the peritoneal cavity in the supine position.Although the vesicouterine and rectouterine spaces are also potential spaces for fluid accumulation, fluid accumulation in them occur in the erect position.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Abdomen
- Anatomy
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SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
