Archives: FRCA Part 1

FCA1-0628

A 25-year old man needs an emergency appendicectomy and has gone to the operating room. During general anaesthesia, ventilation is achieved using a circle system with a fresh gas flow (FGF) of 1L/min, with and air/oxygen and sevoflurane combination. The capnograph trace is normal. Changes to the end tidal and baseline CO2 measurements at 10 and 20 mins respectively are seen on the capnograph below: (10 minutes and 20 minutes). End-tidal CO2 4.9 kPa, 8.4 kPa. Baseline end-tidal CO2 0.2 kPa, 2.4 kPa. The other vitals were as follows: Pulse 100-105 beats per minute, Systolic blood pressure 120-133 mmHg, O2 saturation 99%. The next most important immediate step is which of the following?

FCA1-0629

Metabolization of many drugs used in anaesthesia involves the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes. The CYP enzyme most likely to be subject to genetic variability and thus cause adverse drug reactions is which of these?

FCA1-0630

A healthy 27-year old male who weighs 70kg has appendicitis. He is currently in the operating room and is being positioned to have a rapid sequence induction. Prior to preoxygenation, the compartment likely to have the best oxygen reserve is:

FCA1-0631

The Fick principle can be used to determine the blood flow to any organ of the body. At rest, which one of these organs has the highest blood flow (ml/min/100g)?

FCA1-0632

A 20-year old male was involved in an accident and has presented to the Emergency Department with a pelvic crush injury. The clinical exam according to ATLS protocol revealed the following: Airway-patent, Breathing – respiratory rate 25 breaths per minute. Breath sounds are vesicular and there are no added sounds. Circulation – Capillary refill time – 4 seconds. Peripheries are cool. Pulse 125 beats/min. BP – 125/95 mmHg. Disability – GSC 15, anxious and in pain. Secondary survey reveals no other injuries. The patient is administered high flow oxygen and IV access is established. The most appropriate IV fluid regimen in this case will be which of the following?

FCA1-0633

Cells use adenosine-5-triphosphate (ATP) as a coenzyme and is a source of energy. Glucose metabolism produces the most ATP from which of the following biochemical processes?

FCA1-0623

Of the following, which of these oxygen carrying molecules causes the greatest shift of the oxygen-dissociation curve to the left?

FCA1-0624

Intracellular effectors are activated by receptors on the cell surface. These receptors receive signals that are relayed by second messenger systems. In the human body, which second messenger is most abundant?

FCA1-0625

Useful diagnostic information can be obtained from measuring the osmolality of biological fluids. Of the following physical principles, which is the most accurate and reliable method of measuring osmolality?