A 57-year old woman, presents to her general practitioner. She has a 2 week history of a vaginal hysterectomy for which she was placed under general anaesthesia. On examination, she has notable weakness of dorsiflexion of her left foot and a high stepping gait. Which nerve was most likely injured during her surgery?
A 4-year-old boy with status epilepticus was brought to ER and has already received two doses of intravenous lorazepam but is still continuing to have seizures. Which of the following drug would be best for his treatment?
Gag reflex was assessed as a part of brain stem death in a 22-year-old man with severe traumatic brain injury. Which of the following nerves forms the afferent limb of this reflex?
Which of the following nerves is responsible for carrying taste sensation from the given part of the tongue?
A 42-year-old man presented with a bitemporal hemianopia with enlarged hands and feet. On examination, he was found to be hypertensive. Which of the following correctly explains the cause of his visual field defect?
In the Advanced Life Support algorithm, intravenous epinephrine 1mg every three to five minutes is indicated during in-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) following three DC shocks. Which of the following indicates the most important reason for using epinephrine?
A 52-year-old patient is brought to ER with a chief complaint of chest pain for two hours. Chest pain was tightness in nature, located in the centre of the chest and radiate into the neck and left arm. The patient otherwise looks fit and well. Just after admitting the patient, he suffered VF cardiac arrest and is immediately defibrillated with the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). On clinical examination following was the finding: BP: 82/45 mmHg, Heart rate: 120 beats/min, Oxygen saturation on air: 25%, Heart sounds: Normal. There is no sign of pulmonary oedema. The patient is anxious, cold, and clammy. A 12 lead ECG was done which revealed a sinus rhythm of 120 with ST-segment depression and T wave inversion in leads II, III, and aVF. Which of the following is considered best for the initial treatment of the patient?
A 70-year-old man presents to hospital complaining of dysphagia. He is scheduled for a rigid oesophagoscopy. On examination, He is noted to have severe osteoarthritis in his cervical spine resulting in limited rotation and flexion-extension. He has no other neurological signs or symptoms. He is given anaesthesia for the procedure, which is complicated by a difficult intubation (Cormack-Lehane 3), but was eventually achieved using a gum elastic bougie. After recovering from anaesthesia, he is examined and found to have severe motor weakness of upper limbs, and mild motor weakness of lower limbs, bladder dysfunction and sensory loss of varying degrees below the level of C5. What incomplete spinal cord lesion is most likely to be responsible for his symptoms?
A 63-year-old woman, is admitted into hospital. She has undergone a thoracoscopic sympathectomy. To enable ease of access during surgery, her right arm has been abducted. On examination, immediately after surgery, she is noted to have lost the ability to abduct her right arm, with the presence a weak lateral rotation in the same arm. She has also lost sensation in the outer aspect of the lower deltoid area of the skin. Her symptoms are as a result of injury to a nerve during surgery. What nerve is it?
A 27-year-old woman presents to emergency department. She is experiencing generalised seizures. She is given emergency management of her symptoms before being referred to the neurologist who diagnoses her with new onset of tonic-clonic epilepsy. What is the most appropriate first line of treatment?