A 72 year old male is brought to the emergency department by his daughter due to sudden confusion, severe headache, and problems with coordination. Upon initial assessment at triage, the patient’s blood pressure is found to be significantly elevated at 224/126 mmHg. You suspect the presence of hypertensive encephalopathy. What is the primary treatment option for this condition?
You are called to a cardiac arrest in a child in the Emergency Department.
Which SINGLE statement regarding resuscitation in children is true?
You conduct a cardiovascular examination on a 62-year-old man who complains of palpitations. He informs you that he has a known heart valve issue. During auscultation, you observe a faint second heart sound (S2).
What is the most probable cause of this finding?
A 35-year-old Caucasian woman comes in with complaints of headaches, blurry vision, and occasional chest pain over the past few weeks. During her fundoscopic examination, retinal hemorrhages and bilateral papilledema are observed. Her initial vital signs are as follows: heart rate of 89, blood pressure of 228/134, oxygen saturation of 98% on room air, blood glucose level of 8.2, and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15/15.
What is the MOST LIKELY diagnosis for this patient?
A 45-year-old woman comes in with central chest pain that is spreading to her left arm for the past 30 minutes. Her vital signs are as follows: heart rate of 80 beats per minute, blood pressure of 118/72, and oxygen saturation of 98% on room air. The ECG shows the following findings:
ST depression in leads V1-V4 and aVR
ST elevation in V5-V6, II, III, and aVF
Positive R wave in V1 and V2
What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
You conduct a cardiovascular examination on a 72-year-old man who complains of difficulty breathing. He informs you that he has a known heart valve issue. During the examination, you observe a faint first heart sound (S1).
What is the most probable cause of this finding?
You conduct a cardiovascular examination on a 72-year-old man who complains of difficulty breathing. He informs you that he has a known heart valve issue. During the examination, you observe a pronounced first heart sound (S1).
What is the most probable cause of this finding?
You are requested to evaluate a 62-year-old individual who has arrived with complaints of chest discomfort. The nurse has handed you the ECG report, as the ECG machine has indicated ‘anterior infarction’ in its comments.
Which leads would you anticipate observing ST elevation in an acute anterior STEMI?
A 62 year old female presents to the emergency department 1 hour after experiencing intense tearing chest pain that radiates to the back. The patient reports the pain as being extremely severe, rating it as 10/10. It is noted that the patient is prescribed medication for high blood pressure but admits to rarely taking the tablets. The patient’s vital signs are as follows:
Blood pressure: 188/92 mmHg
Pulse rate: 96 bpm
Respiration rate: 23 rpm
Oxygen saturation: 98% on room air
Temperature: 37.1ºC
What is the probable diagnosis?
A 68 year old male presents to the emergency department by ambulance due to worsening shortness of breath over the past 6 hours. The patient’s wife informs you that he had complained of chest discomfort earlier in the day but attributed it to ‘indigestion’. The patient is visibly breathing rapidly from the end of the bed and examination reveals crackling sounds throughout both lungs with no breath sounds and dullness when tapping the lower parts of the lungs. The following observations are noted:
Blood pressure 100/60 mmHg
Pulse rate 110 bpm
Respiration rate 26 bpm
Oxygen saturation 95% on 15L O2
Temperature 37.2ºC
You diagnose pulmonary edema as a result of acute heart failure secondary to cardiogenic shock. What is the mortality rate associated with this condition during hospitalization?