A 68 year old man is brought to the emergency department due to sudden difficulty in breathing. You observe that the patient was diagnosed with mitral regurgitation a year ago. Which arrhythmia is commonly seen in individuals with chronic mitral regurgitation?
A 32 year old male attends the emergency department due to sharp chest pain that has come on gradually over the past 48 hours. The patient reports he has general muscle aches and feels more fatigued than usual. The patient indicates the pain is retrosternal and worsens with deep inspiration and lying supine. On auscultation of the chest, a rub is audible that resembles the sound of squeaky leather. The rhythm is regular and quiet heart sounds are noted. Observations are shown below:
Blood pressure: 112/68 mmHg
Pulse rate: 92 bpm
Respiratory rate: 18 rpm
Temperature: 37.4ºC
Oxygen saturations: 98% on air
What is the likely diagnosis?
A 42-year-old woman comes in with retrosternal central chest discomfort that has been ongoing for the past 48 hours. The discomfort intensifies with deep breaths and when lying flat, but eases when she sits upright. Additionally, the discomfort radiates to both of her shoulders. Her ECG reveals widespread concave ST elevation and PR depression. You strongly suspect a diagnosis of pericarditis.
Which nerve is accountable for the pattern of her discomfort?
A 42-year-old man presents with central chest pain that has been present for the past three days. The pain is worsened by deep inspiration and lying flat and relieved by sitting forwards. He recently returned from a vacation in Spain, which involved a short flight. He has no significant medical history but smokes 15 cigarettes per day. His father died from a heart attack at the age of 58. His vital signs are as follows: HR 102, BP 128/72, temperature 37.1oC, SaO2 96% on room air. His ECG shows widespread concave ST elevation and PR depression.
What is the SINGLE most likely diagnosis?
A 72-year-old woman is evaluated in the cardiac care unit 2 days after experiencing a heart attack. She complains of significant shortness of breath. During the physical examination, a pansystolic murmur is audible and is most prominent at the lower left sternal border.
What is the SINGLE most probable diagnosis?
A 35-year-old man presents with recurring episodes of intense chest pain. These attacks have been happening in clusters during the past few weeks and consistently occur at night. An exercise tolerance test has been scheduled, and the results came back completely normal.
What is the SINGLE most probable diagnosis?
A 72 year old male comes to the emergency department complaining of central chest pain. An ECG is performed to check for signs of ischemic changes. Which of the following results is most indicative of a non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)?
A 35-year-old male presents to the emergency department complaining of gradual onset sharp chest pain over the past 24 hours. The patient reports that the pain worsens with deep inspiration and feels more comfortable when sitting leaning forward. When asked about pain radiation, the patient confirms that the pain extends to the left side of the neck and points to the ridge of the trapezius. Physical examination reveals clear lung fields, regular rhythm with quiet heart sounds, and no murmurs. The patient’s vital signs are as follows:
Blood pressure: 108/66 mmHg
Pulse rate: 94 bpm
Respiratory rate: 18 rpm
Temperature: 37.3ºC
Oxygen saturations: 97% on room air
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 68 year old male is brought to the emergency department by a concerned coworker who noticed that the patient seemed unsteady on his feet and very short of breath when walking to his car. The patient tells you they usually feel a bit short of breath when doing things like walking to their car or going up the stairs. On examination you note a regular pulse, rate 88 bpm, but an audible ejection systolic murmur loudest at the left sternal edge. Blood pressure is 148/94 mmHg. What is the likely diagnosis?
You evaluate a 70 year old male who complains of chest tightness during physical activity. The patient reports a gradual increase in shortness of breath during exertion over the past half year. During the examination, you observe a murmur and suspect aortic stenosis. Which of the following characteristics is commonly seen in symptomatic individuals with aortic stenosis?