An 82-year-old woman who has been on long-term digoxin therapy for atrial fibrillation presents to the clinic with complaints of palpitations, yellow vision, and nausea. She recently completed a course of antibiotics for a respiratory tract infection. On examination, her blood pressure is 140/80, and her pulse is slow and irregular, hovering around 42. There is no evidence of cardiac failure. Which of the following antibiotics is most commonly linked to this presentation?
You are asked to do a new baby check on a 4-day-old boy born at home after an uneventful pregnancy. The labour was normal and the baby has been fine until today, when he was noted to be slightly blue around the lips on feeding, recovering quickly. On examination there is a systolic murmur and you are unable to feel pulses in the legs.
Select the single most likely diagnosis.
A 42-year-old amateur footballer visits his General Practitioner with complaints of feeling lightheaded during exercise. Upon physical examination, a laterally displaced apical impulse is noted. On auscultation, a mid-systolic murmur is heard in the aortic area that intensifies upon sudden standing. The electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and Q waves in the V2-V5 leads.
What is the most probable diagnosis?
What is the significance of the class of compression stockings used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency?
A 60-year-old man has been diagnosed with heart failure and his cardiologist recommends starting a beta-blocker along with other medications. He is currently stable hemodynamically. What is the most suitable beta-blocker to use in this case?
A 30-year-old healthy woman visits her General Practitioner to obtain a health insurance policy. She has no significant medical history, is a non-smoker, and drinks 3 units of alcohol weekly. During examination, a faint systolic murmur is detected. Her ECG shows a heart rate of 68 bpm and is normal. An echocardiogram reveals a bicuspid aortic valve.
What is the most appropriate management option for this patient?
An 18-year-old patient visits his General Practitioner with worries about the appearance of his chest wall. He is generally healthy but mentions that his father passed away 10 years ago due to heart problems. Upon examination, he is 195 cm tall (>99th centile) and slender, with pectus excavatum and arachnodactyly. The doctor suspects that he may have Marfan syndrome. What is the most prevalent cardiovascular abnormality observed in adults with Marfan syndrome? Choose ONE answer only.
A 45-year-old woman is newly diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis. An echocardiogram shows a valvular anomaly.
What is the most probable diagnosis?
Choose the option that would be the LEAST probable reason for referring a patient with atrial fibrillation for rhythm control (cardioversion) if they were elderly.
A 65-year-old woman has suffered three episodes of transient right monocular blindness.
Her rate is 88 beats per minute (regular) and she is in sinus rhythm.
Which is the single most appropriate investigation that would diagnose the condition?