You see a 6-week old baby boy who has infantile colic. His dad describes episodes where he cries without any obvious trigger and he is unable to console him. The episodes last about 30 minutes and can occur up to approximately 12 times in 24 hours. He is otherwise very well. He is breastfed with formula top ups feeds in the evening and is gaining weight without any concerns.
Examination of the infant is normal.
Which statement below is true regarding infantile colic?
A 9-month-old girl is presented to your clinic by her foster parents, reporting an atypical sequence of movements observed in their daughter. They recorded a video of the episode, and upon reviewing it, you observe mild bilateral flexion of her neck and legs, succeeded by extension of her arms. She repeats this pattern approximately 40 times before ceasing.
What is the probable diagnosis for this scenario?
A father brings his 15-month-old daughter into surgery. Since yesterday she seems to be straining whilst passing stools. He describes her screaming, appearing to be in pain and pulling her knees up towards her chest. These episodes are now occurring every 15-20 minutes. This morning he noted a small amount of blood in her nappy. She is taking around 50% of her normal feeds and vomiting ‘green fluid’ every hour. On examination, she appears irritable and lethargic but is well hydrated and apyrexial. On examination, her abdomen seems distended but no discrete mass is found.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 5-year-old girl is seen in the Paediatric Admissions Unit. She has been experiencing a fever for the past week. During the examination, it is observed that she has red, painful lips and conjunctival injection. Additionally, her hands are swollen and red. After conducting blood tests, the following results were obtained:
Hb 13.1 g/dl
WBC 12.7 *109/l
Platelets 520 *109/l
CRP 96 mg/L
What is the probable diagnosis?
A 29-year-old woman undergoes antenatal haemoglobinopathy screening and is found to have sickle cell trait. The father of the child agrees to further screening and is found to have the HbAS genotype. What is the probability of their offspring having sickle cell disease?
Which one of the following statements regarding benign rolandic epilepsy is incorrect?
A 9-month-old girl is brought to surgery as her mother has noticed some noisy breathing. For the past 2-3 days she has had a runny nose and has felt hot. There is no past medical history of note and she is currently feeding satisfactorily. On examination temperature is 38.3ºC, respiratory rate is 36 / min and there is no intercostal recession noted. Chest auscultation reveals a mild expiratory wheeze bilaterally with the occasional fine crackle. What is the most appropriate management?
A 5-year-old girl is brought in for surgery. Her mother reports that her stools have always been firm and for the past two weeks, she has been taking a combination of lactulose (10ml bd) and senna (2 tablets od) prescribed by a colleague. However, she is still only passing a hard stool every 2-3 days. The clinical examination shows no abnormalities. What is the best course of action to take next?
The parents of a 4-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis are seeking guidance on whether to have more children. Both parents are non-carriers of the disease. What is the likelihood that their next child will be a carrier of the cystic fibrosis gene?
You are educating the parent of a 5-year-old child with eczema about the proper application of emollients. Which of the following statements is accurate?