AKT-2053
What is the absolute risk reduction of stroke in elderly subjects receiving aspirin compared to those not receiving aspirin, and what is the number needed to treat to prevent one stroke?
MRCGP AKT Category: Evidence Based Practice, Research And Sharing Knowledge
AKT-2069
A pharmaceutical representative visits the practice and discusses with you a new treatment for osteoporosis in elderly patients.
A recently performed randomised control trial has looked at using the new treatment in preventing vertebral fractures in patients over 70 years old. They leave you a copy of a study for you to read in more detail.
On reading the paper, you see that there were 8,000 patients in both the treatment and control arms of the study. The number of patients sustaining a vertebral fracture in the treatment arm was 200 and the number of patients sustaining a vertebral fracture in the control arm was 250.
What is the number needed to treat with the new drug in order to prevent one vertebral fracture in elderly patients over 70 years old?
AKT-2054
A randomised double-blind placebo controlled study of a cholesterol-lowering drug for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease was conducted. It had a five-year follow up period.
The results showed an absolute risk of myocardial infarction (MI), in the group receiving placebo, was 10 per cent. The relative risk reduction of those given the cholesterol lowering medication was 0.8.
Approximately what number of patients will need to be treated with the drug for ten years to prevent one myocardial infarction?
AKT-2070
The regional deanery wishes to develop a syllabus for the after-hours education of medical residents. They distribute a preliminary survey to several nearby physicians, inquiring about what topics they believe should be covered. Following the findings of this preliminary survey, a subsequent survey is sent out which condenses the data and poses more detailed inquiries. What is this an instance of?
AKT-2055
In a primary prevention study of stroke comparing a new antihypertensive with conventional antihypertensive therapy, the number of patients who had a stroke over the study period was 200 in group 1 with the new therapy (n = 5200) versus 250 with conventional therapy (n = 4750).
What would be the approximate odds ratio for the new therapy?
AKT-2056
In a study of 26,000 males, 1,500 subjects were found to have either overt or subclinical hypothyroidism.
The risk of demonstrating either overt or subclinical hypothyroidism was therefore 5.77%.
What is the most appropriate term to describe the 1,500 cases of hypothyroidism?
AKT-2057
A new publication describes a new test for detecting Alzheimer’s disease.
You want to know what proportion of patients with Alzheimer’s disease would be accurately diagnosed by this new test.
What value would indicate this?
AKT-2058
A clinical investigation examined the effectiveness of a new test for diagnosing prostate cancer. The test is designed to show positive in the presence of the disease. The sensitivity was reported as 70%.
Which one of the following statements is correct?
AKT-2059
In a study of 950 subjects under the age of 30, a new serological marker for diabetes was evaluated against the standard test of fasting blood glucose levels. The results are as follows:
Test positive Test negative
Blood glucose high 80 20
Blood glucose normal 120 730
What is the sensitivity of this test?
AKT-2060
A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a new autoantibody test for detecting suspected Hashimoto’s disease in individuals over the age of 50. The test was administered to 1000 participants who reported fatigue, and all test results were compared to FNA biopsy results, which served as the gold standard for diagnosing Hashimoto’s disease. The table below shows the results:
Antibody +ve Antibody -ve Total
Hashimoto’s disease confirmed at FNA 35 15 50
No evidence of disease at FNA 30 920 950
What is the approximate sensitivity of the autoantibody test for detecting Hashimoto’s disease in individuals over the age of 50?