A study investigates a new diagnostic test for dementia. You are interested in determining the proportion of patients who are classified as not having dementia by the test but actually do not have dementia. What measurement would indicate this?
What term is most suitable for describing the spread of blood pressures in a specific ethnic population that is larger than that of the general population?
A town in England had a population of 250,000 and last year 1,500 deaths occurred among people aged 65 and above. The number of age-specific expected deaths in a population of the same size in England and Wales over the same time period is calculated as 1,000 for this age group.
What is the standardized mortality ratio of the town’s population aged 65 and above in reference to the rest of England and Wales?
What is the interpretation of an SMR of 125 for a particular town in England, with England and Wales as the comparison standard?
You are discussing coronary heart disease risk with a patient who has a 15% 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease. The patient wants to know if he should take a statin.
Using the NICE patient decision aid on lipid modification you explain to him that if there were 100 people like him and none of them took a statin, on average 15 of these people would develop coronary heart disease (CHD) or have stroke over a 10 year period. If all 100 took a statin then over the same time period, on average nine people would develop CHD or have a stroke.
Which of the following is correct with regards the use of a statin for cardiovascular disease prevention in this patient population?
A pediatrician is presented with a report of a clinical trial for a new medication for children. The report states:
In a comparison between the new medication and a placebo, a higher proportion of pediatric patients taking the new medication experienced relief from symptoms (p <0.05). What can be concluded about the study?
What is the percentage of the population that falls within 2 standard deviations of the mean for a given biochemical test in the hospital laboratory?
What is the definition of the statistical term that measures the spread of a dataset from its average?
You are studying the measurement of a new biomarker for cognitive decline in elderly patients, and how it might be applied to geriatric medicine. You assume that the data for this particular biomarker are likely to be normally distributed.
When considering the normal distribution, which of the following is true?
You are in the early stages of the audit process and are examining existing evidence. You come across the following types of research:
A Cohort study
B Cross-sectional study
C Ecological study
D Longitudinal study
E Randomized controlled trial
Which of the following accurately arranges study types from least to most robust in terms of the evidence they offer?