A new treatment for juvenile arthritis has been developed and shown to be effective in animal models, plus its effects in small numbers of patients appears promising.
However, there are some concerns with regard to possible hepatotoxicity but no cases have been observed in studies thus far.
Which is the most appropriate next step in this drug’s development?
A 55-year-old man with dyslipidaemia, hypertension and angina has recently been diagnosed with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).
Clinically he is obese with a BMI of 33 kg/m2, his blood pressure is 145/85 mmHg. He is aware that having impaired glucose tolerance is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and would like to discuss strategies to attenuate this risk.
Which of the following has been shown best to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes in individuals with IGT?
The observation that symptoms which are severe on initial assessment are likely to have improved on subsequent assessments is known as what?
A study examines whether playing golf increases the likelihood of developing medial epicondylitis. Sixty individuals who frequently play golf are paired with sixty individuals who do not play golf. Out of the golfers, thirty have experienced medial epicondylitis at some point, while only ten of the non-golfers have. What is the odds ratio for developing medial epicondylitis among individuals who play golf?
You design a clinical trial to test a new shingles vaccine. You begin by collecting data on the age shingles was contracted by members of your local population. You notice this data set is positively skewed.
What does that mean?
An intercalating medical student conducts a retrospective cohort study examining the association between socioeconomic status and mortality in elderly medical inpatients. The study finds there to be no association and the student’s supervisor therefore suggests that the study should not be published because clinicians would not be interested in the result.
What is the name given to this form of bias?
A consultant pediatrician creates a new survey for use in schools that aims to identify children with developmental delays. What term refers to the degree to which the survey accurately identifies its intended purpose?
What is the primary benefit of conducting non-inferiority trials in evaluating a novel medication?
A study on depression is criticized for producing results that do not generalize to elderly patient populations. This test can be said to have poor:
External validity
54%
Predictive validity
16%
Construct validity
9%
Divergent validity
14%
Face validity
8%
Good external validity means that the results of a study generalize well to other populations, including the elderly.
A 65-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a history of fever, chills and a headache after returning from a trip to Sub-Saharan Africa. Past data shows that 70% of patients with these symptoms and a travel history to this region have Malaria. The calculated likelihood for a negative test result is 0.1.
What is the significance of this result?