In a sample of 1000 individuals, the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) measurements follow a normal distribution with a mean of 74 mmHg and a standard deviation of 6 mmHg. How many subjects are expected to have a DBP between 68 mmHg and 80 mmHg?
A researcher is designing a study to investigate the impact of diet on the development of coronary artery disease in elderly individuals. They are aware that, depending on the type of study they choose, recall bias may affect the results. In which of the following types of study is this bias most likely to affect their results?
What is the purpose of a study that examines the knowledge and attitudes of general practitioners in the north east of England (35 GPs from five practices) towards impaired glucose tolerance, as evidenced by quotes such as I think we all probably fight shy of diagnosing too many people with impaired glucose tolerance?
Hospital episode statistics were audited and it was discovered that the length of hospital stays for acute medical admissions is highly positively skewed. The median was found to be 4 days and the interquartile range was 2-10 days. What percentage of patients stayed between 2 and 10 days?
What parameter is the GP measuring by asking 100 randomly selected patients from his patient list if they are currently experiencing symptoms of eczema?
Consider the summary of findings from a review comparing Symbicort SMART therapy to usual treatment. The data shows the odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) for exacerbations of asthma requiring oral steroids and hospital admission for both comparisons: new inhaler versus inhaled steroid and long-acting beta agonist (LABA), and new inhaler versus inhaled steroid alone. Which of the following statements correctly interprets these findings?
A researcher is studying the incidence of leptospirosis in the United Kingdom (UK). He finds that the annual numbers of reported cases of leptospirosis in the UK over the 15-year period from 1990 to 2005 were 60, 62, 78, 75, 120, 98, 72, 68, 65, 52, 45, 40, 35, 30 and 25.
What is the mean, median and modal number of cases per year?
What food has the highest glycaemic index rating among the options provided?
In a certain population, the occurrence of Rett syndrome is one per 10 000. A diagnostic test is being created for use in infancy, with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 99.99%. What is the anticipated positive predictive value (PPV)?
A trial of a new cancer drug is taking place: 500 participants over the age of 50 took part in the control arm and another 500 participants over the age of 50 took part in the experimental arm. The mortality in the control arm was 12.5% and the relative risk for patients receiving the new treatment was 0.8.
What number of patients over the age of 50 must be treated with the new drug to save one life?