A mother is worried that her 5-month-old baby girl has a squint. On examination, the eyes seem to be turned inwards. When a pen torch is shone in front of her eyes, she looks at it and the reflection is in the central part of the cornea, bilaterally.
What is the most probable diagnosis? Choose ONE option only.
A 55-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of irritated gritty eyes and mild photophobia that have been bothering her for the past three months. She has a history of acne rosacea but is generally healthy. Upon examination with a slit lamp, the doctor observes inflammation of the meibomian glands, injected conjunctiva, and fluorescein staining of both corneas.
What is the most likely finding consistent with this condition?
A 49-year-old man presents with flashing lights in his right eye followed by a curtain descending across his vision.
Which of the following statements about retinal detachment is correct?.
A 40-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of blurred vision in her left eye for the past few days. She also reports that when she covers her right eye, everything appears in black and white. On examination, there is some discomfort during lateral gaze, but the fundi appear normal. What is the probable diagnosis?
What is a risk factor that can contribute to the development and advancement of diabetic retinal disease?
You see a 65-year-old man who is currently being treated for pulmonary tuberculosis.
He has attended because he has developed a problem with his vision following an episode of renal impairment during an acute illness. Yesterday his right eye became painful and the vision in that eye became blurred.
Which of his antituberculous medicines is the most likely cause of his presentation?
An 83-year-old man has come in after doing some research on the internet. He was seen by an ophthalmologist 2 weeks ago and has been diagnosed with dry age-related macular degeneration. The ophthalmologist has suggested that there are no active treatments for this condition and has referred him for visual rehabilitation. He has read about the use of beta-carotene to slow progression of his condition.
Which of the following options would make it inadvisable for him to take beta-carotene supplements?
A father is worried that his 10-month-old baby boy has a squint. His left eye appears crossed inwards. He tracks toys well using both eyes. With the left eye covered, he fixes and follows easily. However, he fusses when the right eye is covered and has more trouble following with his left eye. On covering the right eye, there is an outward shift of the left eye. When the eye is uncovered, the left eye shifts back inward.
What is the most probable diagnosis?
A 50-year-old female patient of yours has a history of bilateral dry eyes and was prescribed hypromellose in the past. She now reports persistent discomfort and grittiness in her eyes despite using hypromellose for over three months.
What would be your next course of action in managing her symptoms?
A 24-year-old man has been experiencing painful redness in his left eye for three days, along with blurred vision and sensitivity to light. He finds that the pain worsens when he tries to read. The redness is most prominent around the cornea, and the pupil on the affected side is slightly smaller and irregular compared to the right. Upon investigation, his haemoglobin, white cell count, and platelets are within normal range, but his erythrocyte sedimentation rate is elevated at 40 mm/hour. Additionally, he tests positive for HLA-B27. What is the most likely underlying cause of his eye problems?