Archives: MRCGP AKT

AKT-1985

You have collected blood pressure data of patients given a new medication being tested as a treatment for hypertension. The data includes the patient’s initial blood pressure reading, followed by a second measurement taken 10 minutes after administering the medication.

Upon initial analysis, it was found that the differences between the two measurements do not conform to a normal distribution.

What statistical test would be the most suitable to determine if there is a significant difference between the blood pressure readings before and after the administration of the new medication?

AKT-1986

A disease is discovered to have a standard mortality ratio of 140 in a surveyed population. Is it accurate to say that the disease is more fatal in this age group?

AKT-1987

A study testing a new prostate cancer screening tool enrolls 52,820 participants. Among the 8950 participants diagnosed with prostate cancer through histological examination, 8900 had a positive test outcome. Meanwhile, 13,750 healthy participants had a positive screening result. What is the specificity of this novel screening tool?

AKT-1988

A trial is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a new screening test for detecting early signs of heart disease in a group of patients. The contingency table below shows the results of the trial:

Heart disease present Heart disease absent
Test positive 120 15
Test negative 10 255

What is the positive predictive value of the new screening test (rounded to 2 decimal places)?

AKT-1961

A study is conducted to determine the normal range of IgE levels in elderly individuals. Assuming that IgE levels are normally distributed, what proportion of elderly individuals will have an IgE level greater than 2 standard deviations from the mean?

AKT-1962

Which of the following is accurate concerning the placebo effect?

AKT-1963

A case-control study is being designed to investigate the association between hypertension and a new medication. What is the typical outcome measure in a case-control study?

AKT-1964

A randomised controlled trial is conducted comparing a new medication or placebo for recovery from a certain illness.

What term best describes the probability of obtaining a result by chance at least as extreme as the one that was observed, assuming that the null hypothesis of no difference between the medication and placebo is true?

AKT-1965

A 28-year-old patient who is participating in a clinical trial comes to your clinic for a flu shot. He is uncertain if it is permitted while he is in the trial, so his trial coordinator is consulted. The coordinator explains that the patient is part of a study involving 150 participants to evaluate the effectiveness and adverse effects of a new allergy medication, and receiving the vaccine should not be an issue.

What phase of the clinical trial is the 28-year-old patient in?

AKT-1966

A trial is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a new screening test for detecting heart disease in patients over the age of 50. The contingency table below shows the results for a group of patients who were tested:

Heart disease present Heart disease absent
Test positive 120 15
Test negative 10 255

What is the positive predictive value of the new screening test for detecting heart disease (rounded to 2 decimal places)?