A 57-year-old woman comes to your clinic concerned about her bone health. She underwent a private DEXA scan after her sister was diagnosed with osteoporosis and the results showed a T-score of -1.9 for the femoral neck. Upon physical examination, there are no notable findings. What would be the best course of action for this patient?
A 14-year-old female comes to the clinic with her mother. She reports left knee pain for the past 4 weeks without any history of injury. She feels more tired than usual but is not otherwise unwell. Upon examination, her BMI is normal, and her vital signs are unremarkable. The left knee appears normal, and there is a full range of motion. All other joints are also normal. What is the best next step in management?
A 56-year-old woman who has had two Colle’s fractures in the past two years undergoes a DEXA scan:
T-score
L2-4 -1.4
Femoral neck -2.7
What is the result of the scan?
A 32-year-old man presents with a football-related injury. He complains of acute pain in his right calf that began with a popping sound during running. You suspect an Achilles tendon rupture and proceed to perform Simmonds’ Triad examination.
What is involved in Simmonds’ Triad examination?
Which of the following features is not typically seen in Marfan’s syndrome?
A 56-year-old woman presents with a four month history of right-sided hip pain. The pain has developed spontaneously without any apparent cause. She reports that the pain is more severe on the outer side of the hip and is particularly bothersome at night when she lies on her right side.
Upon examination, there is a complete range of motion in the hip joint, including internal and external rotation. However, deep palpation of the lateral aspect of the right hip joint reproduces the pain.
An x-ray of the right hip reveals the following findings:
Right hip: Slight narrowing of the joint space, but otherwise normal appearance.
What is the most probable diagnosis?
You come across a 35-year-old woman who injured her ankle while ice-skating. Despite the injury, she managed to stand up and walk off the ice with a limp. Upon examination, you notice swelling around her lateral malleolus and tenderness specifically on the anterior aspect of the distal fibula. There is no tenderness anywhere else, and she has an antalgic gait. What is the probable diagnosis?
A 10-year-old boy presents to your clinic with complaints of left hip pain. He is an avid runner. According to his mother, he has been limping intermittently and his gait has changed over the last few weeks.
During the examination, you observe that his left leg is shortened and externally rotated. He also has limited internal rotation and an antalgic gait.
What is the probable diagnosis?
You encounter a 35-year-old woman who is experiencing lower back pain. She reports that the pain began two months ago, but over the past week, it has started to radiate down her left leg. She cannot recall any specific incident that may have caused the pain. Currently, the leg pain is more severe than the back pain. The pain starts from her buttock and extends down the back of her leg and into her foot. She occasionally experiences a tingling sensation down the back of her leg. She finds that standing for extended periods exacerbates the pain. She is typically healthy, with no significant medical history, but she is overweight.
Upon examination, you perform a straight leg raise test, which elicits symptoms. Aside from that, her examination is normal, and she doesn’t exhibit any red flag symptoms.
You diagnose the patient with sciatica and provide self-management advice, including weight loss, exercise, and analgesia.
The patient inquires about the duration of these symptoms. Typically, how long does it take for sciatica symptoms to resolve?
A 65-year-old woman complains of gradual onset lateral hip discomfort on the right side for the past two weeks. She denies any history of trauma and is able to bear weight without any difficulty. The discomfort is most severe at night and sometimes wakes her up when she is lying on her right side. What is the probable underlying diagnosis?