A 48 year old woman with episodes of recurrent urinary tract sepsis presents with a staghorn calculus of the right kidney. Her urinary pH is 7.8. An abdominal x-ray shows a faint outline of the calculus. What would be the most likely composition of the stone?
A 51 year old male who had a kidney transplant a little over a year ago is concerned about deteriorating renal function over the past few weeks. Which of the following would be the most useful investigation?
A 43 year old detective undergoes a vasectomy at the local hospital. He is reviewed at the request of his general practitioner. On examination, he has a small rounded nodule adjacent to the vas. Which of the following is the most likely underlying diagnosis?
A 37 year old firefighter notices a swelling in his left hemiscrotum and visits his family doctor. A left sided varicocele was noticed when he was examined. The ipsilateral testis is normal on palpation. Which of the following would be the best course of action?
A 37 year old man is reported to have a left-sided renal mass. Imaging reveals a renal tumour measuring 5 cm that has invaded the left renal vein. Which of the following is the most appropriate step in the management of this patient?
A 36 year old woman arrives at the emergency department with signs of hypovolemic shock. Abdominal CT reveals a haemorrhagic lesion in the right kidney. Surgical resection of this lesion is carried out followed by a biopsy which reveals an angiomyolipomata. which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?
A 35 year old man arrives at the ED with abdominal pain. He is from Zimbabwe. Radiological scan of the abdomen reveals calcification of the urinary bladder. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his condition?
A 33 year old African woman presents with complaints of continuous dribbling of urine after the birth of her second child. The woman denies any complications associated with her pregnancies except for prolonged labour. She is otherwise healthy and feels well. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A 34 year old man arrives at the clinic due to a painless lump in his left teste. His blood tests and US point towards a teratoma. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?
A 30 year old woman complains of left sided abdominal pain that radiates to her groin. Detailed workup reveals microscopic haematuria on dipstick. Which of the following would be the most likely cause?