MS-0523

A 55-year-old chronic smoker presents to the cardiology clinic with worsening chest pain during physical activity. After initial investigations, an outpatient coronary angiography is performed which reveals severe stenosis/atheroma in multiple vessels. The patient is informed that this condition is a result of various factors, including the detrimental effects of smoking on the blood vessels.

What is the ultimate stage in the development of this patient’s condition?