Sophie is a 25-year-old female who has been experiencing trouble fitting into her shoes and wearing her rings. She has a deep voice, stands at a height of 195cm, and her GP observes coarse facial features. Sophie mentions that she suspects her anterior pituitary gland may be producing an excess of hormones. Which hormone is likely being overproduced in Sophie’s case?
A 22-year-old man suffers a depressed skull fracture at the vertex after being struck with a hammer. Which of the following sinuses is in danger due to this injury?
A 31-year-old female patient visits her GP with complaints of constant fatigue, lethargy, and severe headaches. She reports a loss of sexual drive and irregular periods. During an eye examination, the doctor observes bitemporal hemianopia, and an MRI scan reveals a large non-functional pituitary tumor. What structure is being pressed on by the tumor to cause the patient’s visual symptoms?
A 68-year-old male presents to the emergency department with a sudden onset headache that he describes as the worst he has ever experienced. He has a history of a coiled brain aneurysm four years ago. There are no changes in his mental status, vision, or movement. A CT scan reveals a subarachnoid hemorrhage. What tissue will be immediately deep to the blood in this case?
At which of the following anatomical locations does the common peroneal nerve bifurcate into the superficial and deep peroneal nerves?
Which one of the following is not a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
A 32-year-old woman complains of faecal incontinence. She had a normal vaginal delivery 8 years ago. Which nerve injury is the most probable cause of her symptoms?
As a medical student on wards in the endocrinology department, you come across a patient suffering from syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. During the ward round, the consultant leading the team decides to test your knowledge and asks about the normal release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the brain.
Can you explain the pathway that leads to the release of this hormone causing the patient’s condition?
A 49-year-old man visits his GP with complaints of weakness in his arms and legs that he first noticed 3 weeks ago. The symptoms have been progressively worsening since then.
Upon conducting a neurological examination, the doctor observes spastic weakness in all four limbs, slight muscle wasting, fasciculations, and hyperreflexia with up-going plantar reflexes. The patient’s speech and eye movements are normal, and there is no evidence of ptosis. All sensation is intact.
What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient based on the examination findings?
A 63-year-old woman with a longstanding history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia experienced sudden weakness in her right lower leg while preparing breakfast. She had a similar episode two days ago, which resolved after an hour. Her son brought her to the emergency department, where she reported her symptoms to the attending physician. The patient can speak well and fully comprehend what the doctor tells her. Upon examination, the doctor noted decreased touch sensation in her right leg. A non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scan was unremarkable, but a repeat CT scan after 12 hours revealed an area of hypo-attenuation in a region of the brain. Which artery of the cerebral circulation is most likely to be occluded in this patient?