A 43-year-old male visits his doctor complaining of headaches, nausea, and vomiting that have been worsening when lying down or leaning forwards for the past 3 months. He has no significant medical history and is not taking any medications. Upon undergoing an MRI, multiple suspicious lesions are found along his spinal cord. A biopsy confirms the presence of ependymal cells that have undergone malignant transformation. What is the typical role of these cells?
A 35-year-old male patient comes to you with a right eye that is looking outward and downward, along with ptosis of the same eye. Which cranial nerve lesion is the most probable cause of this presentation?
A 22-year-old man arrives at the emergency department with a stab wound on the left side of his neck above the clavicle. Upon examination, there is no indication of damage to the pleura or any major blood vessels. However, a winged scapula is observed on the left side of his back, with the scapula protruding from the chest wall and the inferior angle pointing towards the midline. What nerve is responsible for this condition?
A 57-year-old woman with a history of polycystic kidney disease visits her doctor complaining of a drooping eyelid. Upon examination, her left eye displays unilateral ptosis and a downward and outward gaze, with a dilated left pupil. The patient is referred to the neuroradiology department for cerebral angiography, which reveals an aneurysm compressing the oculomotor nerve as it passes through two arteries. What are the names of these two arteries that the oculomotor nerve runs through?
A 32-year-old man has a sarcoma removed from his right buttock, resulting in sacrifice of the sciatic nerve. What is one outcome that will not occur as a result of this procedure?
The following statements about the femoral nerve are all true except for one. Which statement is incorrect?
A 25-year-old man receives a blow to the side of his head with a baseball bat during a brawl. He is initially alert but later loses consciousness and passes away. An autopsy reveals the presence of an extradural hematoma. Which vessel is most likely responsible for this condition?
Which muscle does not attach to the medial side of the greater trochanter?
A 23-year-old man gets into a brawl outside a nightclub and is stabbed in the back, on the left side, about 3 cm below the 12th rib in the mid scapular line. Which structure is most likely to be injured first as a result of this incident?
A pair of adolescents are fooling around with an airgun when one mistakenly shoots his buddy in the stomach. The injured friend is rushed to the ER where he is examined. The bullet has entered just to the right of the rectus sheath at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebrae. Which of the following structures is the most probable to have been harmed by the bullet?