A 78-year-old man arrives at the emergency department after his wife found him unresponsive this morning. According to her, he fell out of bed and hit his head on the bedside table during the night. Upon examination, the man responds to pain but not to voice. A CT scan of his head reveals an extradural hematoma, which is often caused by a rupture of the middle meningeal artery. What is the source of the middle meningeal artery?
A 23-year-old man is hit in the head while playing rugby. He experiences a temporary concussion but later regains consciousness. After thirty minutes, he begins to exhibit slurred speech, ataxia, and eventually loses consciousness. Upon arrival at the hospital, he is intubated and put on a ventilator. A CT scan reveals the presence of an extradural hematoma. What is the probable cause of this condition?
A pair of adolescents are fooling around with an airgun when one mistakenly shoots his buddy in the stomach. The injured friend is rushed to the ER where he is examined. The bullet has entered just to the right of the rectus sheath at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebrae. Which of the following structures is the most probable to have been harmed by the bullet?
You are called to assess a 43-year-old woman in the emergency department who was brought in by her partner after collapsing while attempting to get into a car. The patient has been experiencing generalised abdominal pain and diarrhoea for a few days and has recently complained of feeling weak and unsteady on her feet.
Upon examination, the patient has intact lower limb sensation but struggles to perform movements against resistance. Both ankle and knee jerks are absent. You order bedside spirometry to assess respiratory function while awaiting further investigations.
What is the most likely cause of the patient’s symptoms?
A 28-year-old patient arrives at the emergency department with a fever, neck stiffness, photophobia, and a non-blanching rash. Despite being vaccinated, they are experiencing these symptoms. During a lumbar puncture, the fluid obtained is turbid, with low glucose and an elevated opening pressure. What is the probable causative organism responsible for this patient’s condition?
A 65-year-old male arrives at the emergency department with a sudden onset of numbness on the lateral aspect of his calf and an inability to dorsiflex his foot. Which nerve is most likely affected in this presentation?
At what age does the Moro reflex usually disappear?
A 25-year-old man receives a blow to the side of his head with a baseball bat during a brawl. He is initially alert but later loses consciousness and passes away. An autopsy reveals the presence of an extradural hematoma. Which vessel is most likely responsible for this condition?
A 23-year-old man gets into a brawl outside a nightclub and is stabbed in the back, on the left side, about 3 cm below the 12th rib in the mid scapular line. Which structure is most likely to be injured first as a result of this incident?
A 23-year-old man is in a physical altercation resulting in a skull fracture and damage to the middle meningeal artery. After undergoing a craniotomy, the bleeding from the artery is successfully stopped through ligation near its origin. What sensory impairment is the patient most likely to experience after the operation?