You are evaluating an 80-year-old woman who was admitted last night with symptoms suggestive of a stroke. She is suspected to have lateral medullary syndrome.
During the examination, you observe that she has lost her sense of taste in the posterior third of her tongue and has an absent gag reflex.
Through which structure does the affected cranial nerve most likely pass?
A 75-year-old man visits his GP complaining of gastric fullness. He has a medical history of vagotomy for peptic ulcer disease. What are the foramina in the skull that this nerve passes through?
Which one of the following structures is not transmitted by the jugular foramen?
A 31-year-old female patient visits her GP with complaints of feeling constantly tired, lacking energy, and experiencing severe headaches. She reports a loss of libido and irregular menstrual cycles. During an eye exam, bitemporal hemianopia is detected, and an MRI scan reveals a non-functional pituitary tumor that is pressing on an artery. Which artery is being compressed by the patient’s tumor?
A 45-year-old man comes to the emergency department with a complaint of waking up with a severe headache for the past three days. He has been feeling increasingly nauseated and has vomited three times in the last 24 hours. During the examination, it was found that he has reduced power in his left upper limb and bilateral papilloedema. A CT scan of his head revealed a mass on the right side, close to the midline in the posterior frontal lobe. The mass is blocking the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the third ventricle, causing enlargement of the lateral ventricle on the right side. Can you identify the structure through which CSF from the lateral ventricle drains into the third ventricle?
A 26 year old female presents to the emergency department with hand tingling following a fall. Upon examination, she is diagnosed with a fracture of the medial epicondyle. What nerve lesion is the most probable cause?
A patient in their mid-30s has suffered a carotid canal fracture due to a traffic collision resulting in severe head trauma. The medical team must evaluate the potential damage to the adjacent structures. What structure is located directly posterior to the fracture?
A teenage boy is on a date with a partner he met on a mobile dating app. After the date, they engage in sexual intercourse. Which neural pathway is responsible for his ejaculation, controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
A 99-year-old woman visits her GP complaining of recent facial weakness and slurred speech. The GP suspects a stroke and conducts a thorough neurological evaluation. During the cranial nerve examination, the GP observes that the glossopharyngeal nerve is unaffected. What are the roles and responsibilities of this nerve?
A 30-year-old man suffers a severe middle cranial fossa basal skull fracture. After his recovery, it is observed that he has reduced tear secretion. What is the most probable cause of this, resulting from which of the following damages?