MS-0905
A 70-year-old male has been diagnosed with polymyalgia rheumatica and prescribed prednisolone. What is the most likely adverse effect he may experience?
Archives: Medical Student Years 1-3
MS-0906
A 36-year-old male visits the GP after being diagnosed with Conn’s syndrome, which causes excessive production of aldosterone. How will this affect the balance of sodium and potassium in his blood?
MS-0907
A 50-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who is currently on metformin, visits for his diabetic check-up. His blood sugar levels are not well-controlled and the doctor decides to prescribe gliclazide in addition to his current medication. During the consultation, the doctor discusses the potential side effects of sulfonylureas. What is a possible side effect of sulfonylureas?
MS-0908
A 60-year-old male presents with increasing fatigue.
Three months ago, he was diagnosed with bronchial carcinoma and has undergone chemotherapy. Upon admission, his electrolyte levels were measured as follows:
– Sodium: 118 mmol/L (137-144)
– Potassium: 3.5 mmol/L (3.5-4.9)
– Urea: 3.2 mmol/L (2.5-7.5)
– Creatinine: 65 µmol/L (60-110)
What would be the most appropriate initial investigation for this patient?
MS-0909
A 37-year-old British female presents to her GP with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. She has resided in the UK her entire life and has a lengthy history of insulin-dependent diabetes, which was diagnosed when she was 9 years old, as well as a recent diagnosis of pernicious anaemia. She maintains a balanced diet, drinks 10 units of alcohol per week, and has been smoking 10 cigarettes per day for the past 16 years. She reports a recent weight gain of 10kg.
During the examination, the GP notes a smooth and enlarged goitre. What is the most probable cause of her hypothyroidism?
MS-0910
A 32-year-old man has been admitted to the emergency department with severe hypocalcaemia that has not responded to calcium replacement therapy. What other serum electrolytes should be checked urgently?
MS-0901
A 33-year-old woman with a history of coeliac disease presents to the emergency department with palpitations, diaphoresis, and tremors. Upon examination, her vital signs reveal a heart rate of 110 bpm and respiratory rate of 24 per min. She displays hand tremors, bulging eyeballs, and diffuse swelling in her neck. Her blood tests show:
TSH 0.1 mU/l
Free T4 32.5 pmol/l
Free T3 12.5 pmol/l
What is the most probable underlying pathophysiology in this patient?
MS-0899
A 28-year-old woman comes to her outpatient appointment after being diagnosed with Grave’s disease. This condition is known for having three distinct signs, in addition to thyroid eye disease. What are the other signs?
MS-0900
A 23-year-old woman presents with clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism and is diagnosed with Graves disease. What is the most appropriate explanation for the pathophysiology of this condition?
MS-0897
A 15-year-old girl comes to the Emergency Department complaining of sudden onset pain in the right iliac fossa, along with nausea, vomiting, and fever. She has no significant medical or surgical history. During the examination, you observe rebound tenderness at McBurney’s point, guarding, and a positive Rovsing’s sign. You suspect appendicitis and decide to take her for surgery.
What is the most probable physiological response in this situation?