Archives: Medical Student Years 1-3

MS-0516

You are designing a research project looking at the sensitivities and specificities of various markers in relation to myocardial necrosis. Specifically you want to assess the molecule which troponin C binds to.

Which molecule will you study in your research project?

You are designing a research project looking at the sensitivities and specificities of various markers in relation to myocardial necrosis. Specifically, you want to assess the molecule which troponin C binds to.

Which molecule will you study in your research project?

MS-0517

A 72-year-old male is admitted with central chest pain. He reports that the pain occurs during physical activity and subsides with rest. He has a medical history of hypertension.

ECG results:

ECG T wave inversion in V4-V6

Blood results:

Troponin I 0.02 ng/ml (normal <0.07) What is the molecule that troponin I attaches to?

MS-0518

A 55-year-old man with several cardiac risk factors arrives at the hospital with sudden onset chest pain in the center. The pain extends to his left arm and is accompanied by sweating and nausea.

The patient’s ECG reveals widespread T-wave inversion, which is a new finding compared to his previous ECGs. The level of troponin I in his serum is measured and confirmed to be elevated. The patient is initiated on treatment for acute coronary syndrome and transferred to a cardiac center.

What is the target of this measured cardiac biomarker?

MS-0519

Evelyn is a 92-year-old woman who arrives at the hospital with severe chest pain, shortness of breath, and palpitations. Given her medical history of angina and diabetes mellitus, doctors suspect acute coronary syndrome. They order several tests, including a troponin I blood test. What is the function of this biomarker in the body?

MS-0520

An 80-year-old man visits his doctor complaining of dizziness upon standing. He has recently been diagnosed with heart failure, with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35%. The doctor diagnoses him with orthostatic hypotension.

What are the possible causes of this type of heart failure?

MS-0521

A 57-year-old man is diagnosed with angina and prescribed medications for symptom control and secondary prevention. The doctor advises him to make dietary changes to address excess fat in the blood that can lead to angina. During the explanation, the doctor asks which apolipoprotein macrophages recognize to uptake lipids under normal circumstances?

MS-0522

A 65-year-old man presents for a coronary angiogram due to worsening symptoms of unstable angina. The cardiologist observes multiple significant coronary stenoses, which are likely related to the patient’s numerous risk factors, including hypertension, heavy smoking, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. What is the ultimate step in the development of this pathology?

MS-0523

A 55-year-old chronic smoker presents to the cardiology clinic with worsening chest pain during physical activity. After initial investigations, an outpatient coronary angiography is performed which reveals severe stenosis/atheroma in multiple vessels. The patient is informed that this condition is a result of various factors, including the detrimental effects of smoking on the blood vessels.

What is the ultimate stage in the development of this patient’s condition?

MS-0507

A 65-year-old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 60-minute history of central chest pain that extends to his jaw. An ECG reveals an inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The QRS is positive in leads I and aVL but negative in leads II and aVF. What type of axis deviation is indicated by this finding?

MS-0508

A 25-year-old man is scheduled for a mitral valve repair to address mitral regurgitation. What characteristic is associated with the mitral valve?