MS-0497
A 55-year-old Hispanic man visits his GP for a blood pressure check-up. As he experienced ankle swelling with amlodipine, the GP recommends trying bendroflumethiazide. Can you explain the mechanism of action of this diuretic?
Archives: Medical Student Years 1-3
MS-0498
Where is the site of action of bendroflumethiazide in elderly patients?
MS-0499
A 67-year-old woman visited her physician complaining of palpitations. She has a medical history of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and ischemic heart disease. Her current medications include Metformin, insulin injections, candesartan, and metoprolol. The doctor reviewed her medical records and decided to prescribe a medication to prevent complications related to the underlying cause of her palpitations. The doctor informed her that she would need to visit the hospital laboratory regularly to have her blood checked due to the medication’s risk of bleeding. Which blood clotting factors are affected by this condition?
MS-0500
A 75-year-old man presents to the emergency department with acute chest pain that is radiating to his left shoulder. He has a medical history of a previous transient ischaemic attack three years ago and is currently taking aspirin 75mg OD.
Upon initial assessment, an ECG reveals ST-segment elevation in V1-V3. The patient undergoes percutaneous coronary intervention with a drug-eluting stent and is stable post-procedure. His treatment plan includes ramipril, ticagrelor, simvastatin, and atenolol.
What is the mechanism of action of the newly prescribed antiplatelet medication?
MS-0489
A 67-year-old woman visits her GP for a routine hypertension check-up. She has been on amlodipine for a year and her blood pressure is under control, but she frequently experiences ankle swelling. The swelling is more pronounced towards the end of the day since she started taking amlodipine. The GP decides to switch her medication to a diuretic. Which diuretic targets the sodium-chloride transporter in the distal tubule?
MS-0490
Sarah is a 52-year-old patient with hypertension. Her blood pressure remains high despite taking ramipril therefore add-on therapy with a thiazide-like diuretic is being considered.
What is a contraindication to starting this therapy?
MS-0491
A 55-year-old woman with hypertension comes in for a routine check-up with her GP. She mentions feeling fatigued for the past few days and has been taking antihypertensive medication for almost a year, but cannot recall the name. Her ECG appears normal.
Hb 142 g/L Male: (135-180)
Female: (115 – 160)
Platelets 180 * 109/L (150 – 400)
WBC 7.5 * 109/L (4.0 – 11.0)
Na+ 133 mmol/L (135 – 145)
K+ 3.8 mmol/L (3.5 – 5.0)
Urea 5.5 mmol/L (2.0 – 7.0)
Creatinine 98 µmol/L (55 – 120)
What medication might she be taking?
MS-0492
A 67-year old man with a history of cardiovascular disease and COPD visits his GP. During a routine blood test, the GP observes that the patient has mild hyponatraemia. Which medication could have played a role in causing his hyponatraemia?
MS-0493
A 48-year-old man comes to the clinic for a hypertension follow-up. He was diagnosed with high blood pressure two months ago and started on ramipril. However, his blood pressure remained uncontrolled, so amlodipine was added to his treatment four weeks ago. Today, his blood pressure reading is 161/91mmHg. You decide to prescribe indapamide, a thiazide diuretic. Can you identify the primary site of action of thiazides in the nephron?
MS-0487
A 72-year-old man presents with biliary colic and an abdominal aortic aneurysm measuring 4.8 cm is discovered. Which of the following statements regarding this condition is false?