A 65-year-old man visits the clinic for his regular blood work. The GP requests the medical student to perform venepuncture and obtain blood samples. The student seizes this chance to brush up on their knowledge of vascular anatomy. They plan to draw blood from the median cubital vein located in the antecubital fossa. While aware that the median cubital vein is linked to the cephalic vein, they cannot recall the name of the other vein it connects to. Can you identify the other vein?
During surgery on her neck, a woman in her 50s suffers a vagus nerve injury where the nerve is cut near the exit from the skull. She wakes up with a high heart rate and high blood pressure due to loss of parasympathetic tone.
What other features would be expected with a vagus nerve injury?
A 60-year-old male is referred to the medical assessment unit by his physician suspecting a UTI. He has a permanent catheter in place due to urinary retention caused by benign prostatic hypertrophy. His blood test results reveal hypercalcemia. An ultrasound Doppler scan of his neck displays a distinct sonolucent signal indicating hyperactive parathyroid tissue and noticeable vasculature, which is likely the parathyroid veins. What is the structure that the parathyroid veins empty into?
A 57-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a severe headache that started 3 weeks ago and is localised to the back of the head. He rates it 8/10 on a pain scale and reports that it has gradually become worse. The patient has a medical history of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
Unfortunately, the patient passes away after suffering a brainstem stroke.
During the autopsy, a vertebral artery dissection is discovered at the point of entry into the cranial cavity.
Where is this location?
A 53-year-old woman presents with stroke symptoms after experiencing difficulty speaking and changes in vision while at a hair salon. She developed a headache after having her hair washed, and further examination reveals a vertebral arterial dissection believed to be caused by hyperextension of her neck.
What is the pathway of this blood vessel as it enters the cranial cavity?
The vertebral artery passes through which of the following structures, except for what?
During a tricuspid valve repair, the right atrium is opened after establishing cardiopulmonary bypass. Which of the following structures is not located within the right atrium?
A 67-year-old man with heart failure visits his physician and inquires about the factors that influence stroke volume. What interventions can enhance stroke volume in a healthy person?
A 50-year-old UK born patient with end-stage kidney failure arrives at the emergency department complaining of sharp chest pain that subsides when sitting forward. The patient has not undergone dialysis yet. Upon conducting an ECG, it is observed that there is a widespread ‘saddle-shaped’ ST elevation and PR depression, leading to a diagnosis of pericarditis. What could be the probable cause of this pericarditis?
A 72-year-old man presents with biliary colic and an abdominal aortic aneurysm measuring 4.8 cm is discovered. Which of the following statements regarding this condition is false?