MS-0485
A 67-year-old man with heart failure visits his physician and inquires about the factors that influence stroke volume. What interventions can enhance stroke volume in a healthy person?
Archives: Medical Student Years 1-3
MS-0486
A 50-year-old UK born patient with end-stage kidney failure arrives at the emergency department complaining of sharp chest pain that subsides when sitting forward. The patient has not undergone dialysis yet. Upon conducting an ECG, it is observed that there is a widespread ‘saddle-shaped’ ST elevation and PR depression, leading to a diagnosis of pericarditis. What could be the probable cause of this pericarditis?
MS-0487
A 72-year-old man presents with biliary colic and an abdominal aortic aneurysm measuring 4.8 cm is discovered. Which of the following statements regarding this condition is false?
MS-0488
A 55-year-old woman with resistant hypertension is currently on ramipril and amlodipine. The GP wants to add a diuretic that primarily acts on the distal convoluted tubule. What diuretic should be considered?
MS-0467
As a medical student observing a parathyroidectomy in the short-stay surgical theatre, you witness the ligation of blood vessels supplying the parathyroid glands. The ENT consultant requests you to identify the arteries responsible for supplying oxygenated blood to the parathyroid gland. Can you correctly name these arteries?
MS-0468
A nursing student is being consented for a parathyroidectomy for symptomatic hyperparathyroidism. The parathyroid gland consists of 2 superior and 2 inferior glands. The patient is informed that all four glands will be removed in order to achieve a complete resolution of her symptoms. You explain to her that the superior and inferior glands are derived from different structures.
From which one of the following embryological structures are the superior parathyroid glands derived from?
MS-0469
An individual in their mid-20s is identified to have a superior vena cava on the left side. What is the most probable route for blood from this system to reach the heart?
MS-0470
The venous drainage of the heart is aided by the Thebesian veins. To which primary structure do they drain?
MS-0471
A 29-year-old man is brought to the emergency surgical theatre with multiple stab wounds to his abdomen and is hypotensive despite resuscitative measures. During a laparotomy, a profusely bleeding vessel is found at a certain level of the lumbar vertebrae. The vessel is identified as the testicular artery and is ligated to stop the bleeding. At which vertebral level was the artery identified?
MS-0472
A 32-year-old woman has been diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism and is scheduled for resection of a right inferior parathyroid adenoma. What embryological structure does this adenoma originate from?