MS-0339
A 55-year-old man is having a radical gastrectomy for stomach cancer. What structure must be divided to access the coeliac axis during the procedure?
Archives: Medical Student Years 1-3
MS-0340
A 4-year-old boy is observed by his mother to turn blue around the lips abruptly after crying. This has occurred several times before and the child promptly assumes the squatting position to alleviate his symptoms. During previous check-ups, the child was found to have various heart issues, including a boot-shaped heart on his chest x-ray.
What is the probable diagnosis for his condition and what is the underlying cause?
MS-0341
A 50-year-old man visits the diabetic foot clinic and has his foot pulses checked. During the examination, the healthcare provider palpates the posterior tibial pulse and the dorsalis pedis pulse. What artery does the dorsalis pedis artery continue from?
MS-0342
A 67-year-old man comes to the emergency department with concerns of pain in his right foot. Upon examination, you observe a slow capillary refill and a cold right foot. The patient is unable to move his toes, and the foot is tender. You can detect a pulse behind his medial malleolus and in his popliteal fossa, but there are no pulses in his foot. Which artery is likely affected in this patient’s condition?
MS-0343
As a curious fourth-year medical student, you observe the birth of a full-term baby delivered vaginally to a mother who has given birth once before. The infant’s Apgar score is 9 at 1 minute and 10 at 10 minutes, and the delivery is uncomplicated. However, a postnatal examination reveals that the ductus arteriosus has not closed properly. Can you explain the process by which this structure normally closes?
MS-0344
One of the elderly patients at your general practice was recently hospitalized and diagnosed with myeloma. It was discovered that they have severe chronic kidney disease. The patient comes in for an update on their condition. After reviewing their medications, you realize they are taking ramipril for hypertension, which is contraindicated in renal failure. What is the most accurate description of the effect of ACE inhibitors on glomerular filtration pressure?
MS-0327
A 63-year-old woman comes to a vascular clinic complaining of varicosities in the area supplied by the short saphenous vein.
Into which vessel does this vein directly empty?
MS-0328
An 85-year-old woman arrives at the emergency department with complaints of palpitations and difficulty breathing. During the examination, you observe an irregularly irregular pulse. After conducting an ECG, you discover the absence of P waves and a ventricular rate of 94 beats per minute. What specific part of the heart prevents a rapid atrial rate from transmitting to the ventricles?
MS-0329
A 45-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a severe headache that started suddenly during exercise. She reports vomiting and recurrent vertigo sensations. On examination, she has an ataxic gait, left-sided horizontal nystagmus, and an intention tremor during the ‘finger-to-nose’ test. An urgent CT scan is ordered. Which arteries provide blood supply to the affected area of the brain?
MS-0330
A 32-year-old woman who is 33 weeks pregnant visits the clinic with a complaint of foot pain. The pain is mainly felt on the back of the sole of her foot and is most intense when she takes her first steps after getting out of bed in the morning. Upon examination, the area is tender to touch, and you suspect plantar fasciitis. While NSAIDs are a common treatment for this condition, you are aware that they are not recommended during pregnancy, particularly in the later stages. This is due to the potential risk of premature closure of the fetal vessel that connects which two major arteries?