MS-0321
A young man in his early twenties collapses during a game of basketball and is declared dead upon arrival at the hospital. The autopsy shows irregularities in his heart. What is the probable cause of the irregularities?
Archives: Medical Student Years 1-3
MS-0322
A 63-year-old man comes to the emergency department complaining of severe crushing chest pain that radiates to his jaw and is accompanied by profuse sweating and nausea. Upon conducting an ECG, you observe ST-segment elevation in leads V2-V4, leading you to diagnose an anteroseptal ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI). Can you identify the coronary vessel that runs along the interventricular septum on the anterior surface of the heart to reach the apex?
MS-0323
An 68-year-old woman is presented to the vascular clinic with a painful ulcer on the anterior aspect of her shin. She reports experiencing pain in the same leg at night and while sitting in a chair.
The patient has a medical history of diabetes for 11 years, hypertension for 12 years, and has been a smoker for over 50 years.
Upon examination, a pale ulcer with a ‘punched out’ appearance is observed. The patient declines further examination.
Based on the given clinical scenario, what is the most probable type of ulcer?
MS-0324
A 63-year-old woman is prescribed furosemide for ankle swelling. During routine monitoring, a blood test reveals an abnormality and an ECG shows new U waves, which were not present on a previous ECG. What electrolyte imbalance could be responsible for these symptoms and ECG changes?
MS-0325
An 80-year-old man presents with progressive shortness of breath, easy fatigue, and ankle swelling over the past few weeks. He has a significant smoking history of 50 pack-years. Physical examination reveals bibasilar crackles, and echocardiography shows no valvular disease and a non-dilated left ventricle with an ejection fraction of 55%. What is the most likely cause of the patient’s current condition?
MS-0326
A 5-year-old girl with a history of unrepaired Tetralogy of Fallot has arrived at the emergency department with sudden cyanosis and difficulty breathing after crying. Additionally, the patient is administered oxygen, morphine, and propranolol, and is expected to recover well. Surgery to repair the condition is scheduled in the near future.
What is the term for this cyanotic episode that is commonly associated with Tetralogy of Fallot?
MS-0327
A 63-year-old woman comes to a vascular clinic complaining of varicosities in the area supplied by the short saphenous vein.
Into which vessel does this vein directly empty?
MS-0328
An 85-year-old woman arrives at the emergency department with complaints of palpitations and difficulty breathing. During the examination, you observe an irregularly irregular pulse. After conducting an ECG, you discover the absence of P waves and a ventricular rate of 94 beats per minute. What specific part of the heart prevents a rapid atrial rate from transmitting to the ventricles?
MS-0329
A 45-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a severe headache that started suddenly during exercise. She reports vomiting and recurrent vertigo sensations. On examination, she has an ataxic gait, left-sided horizontal nystagmus, and an intention tremor during the ‘finger-to-nose’ test. An urgent CT scan is ordered. Which arteries provide blood supply to the affected area of the brain?
MS-0330
A 32-year-old woman who is 33 weeks pregnant visits the clinic with a complaint of foot pain. The pain is mainly felt on the back of the sole of her foot and is most intense when she takes her first steps after getting out of bed in the morning. Upon examination, the area is tender to touch, and you suspect plantar fasciitis. While NSAIDs are a common treatment for this condition, you are aware that they are not recommended during pregnancy, particularly in the later stages. This is due to the potential risk of premature closure of the fetal vessel that connects which two major arteries?