Archives: Medical Student Years 1-3

MS-0330

A 32-year-old woman who is 33 weeks pregnant visits the clinic with a complaint of foot pain. The pain is mainly felt on the back of the sole of her foot and is most intense when she takes her first steps after getting out of bed in the morning. Upon examination, the area is tender to touch, and you suspect plantar fasciitis. While NSAIDs are a common treatment for this condition, you are aware that they are not recommended during pregnancy, particularly in the later stages. This is due to the potential risk of premature closure of the fetal vessel that connects which two major arteries?

MS-0331

A 32-year-old arrives at the emergency department with a stab wound to the femoral artery. He has a history of intravenous drug use.

Due to poor vein quality, peripheral cannulation under ultrasound guidance is not feasible. Intraosseous access has been established, but additional access is required to administer large volume transfusions.

To obtain access to a vessel that runs anterior to the medial malleolus, the consultant has decided to perform a venous cutdown.

Which vessel will be accessed through this procedure?

MS-0307

A woman visits her physician and undergoes lying and standing blood pressure tests. Upon standing, her baroreceptors sense reduced stretch, triggering the baroreceptor reflex. This results in a decrease in baroreceptor activity, leading to an elevation in sympathetic discharge.

What is the function of the neurotransmitter that is released?

MS-0308

A 67-year-old man presents with crushing central chest pain and flushing. His ECG shows T wave inversion in II, III, and AVF, and his troponin T level is 0.9 ng/ml (normal <0.01). What is the substance that troponin T binds to?

MS-0309

Which one of the following is not a branch of the subclavian artery?

MS-0310

What is the correct description of the cardiac cycle in the middle of diastole?

MS-0311

A 54-year-old woman has been diagnosed with hypertension following ABPM which showed her blood pressure to be 152/91 mmHg. She is curious about her condition and asks her GP to explain the physiology of blood pressure. Can you tell me where the baroreceptors that detect blood pressure are located in the body?

MS-0312

A 40-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of increasing fatigue and shortness of breath during physical activity over the past 6 months. She has no significant medical history and is not taking any medications.

During the examination, the lungs are clear upon auscultation, but a loud P2 heart sound is detected. An X-ray of the chest reveals enlarged shadows of the pulmonary artery.

What could be the underlying cause of this condition?

MS-0313

A 68-year-old woman comes into the emergency department with her daughter after experiencing shortness of breath for 2 hours. She is in poor condition with a heart rate of 128/min, blood pressure of 90/66 mmHg, O2 saturation of 94% on air, respiratory rate of 29/min, and temperature of 36.3ºC. Her legs are swollen up to her knees, and her JVP is visible at her ear lobe. She has a history of myocardial infarction 4 years ago, angina, and a smoking history of 20 packs per year.

What is the underlying cause of her presentation?

MS-0314

Which of the structures listed below overlies the cephalic vein?