Archives: Medical Student Years 1-3

MS-0310

What is the correct description of the cardiac cycle in the middle of diastole?

MS-0311

A 54-year-old woman has been diagnosed with hypertension following ABPM which showed her blood pressure to be 152/91 mmHg. She is curious about her condition and asks her GP to explain the physiology of blood pressure. Can you tell me where the baroreceptors that detect blood pressure are located in the body?

MS-0312

A 40-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of increasing fatigue and shortness of breath during physical activity over the past 6 months. She has no significant medical history and is not taking any medications.

During the examination, the lungs are clear upon auscultation, but a loud P2 heart sound is detected. An X-ray of the chest reveals enlarged shadows of the pulmonary artery.

What could be the underlying cause of this condition?

MS-0313

A 68-year-old woman comes into the emergency department with her daughter after experiencing shortness of breath for 2 hours. She is in poor condition with a heart rate of 128/min, blood pressure of 90/66 mmHg, O2 saturation of 94% on air, respiratory rate of 29/min, and temperature of 36.3ºC. Her legs are swollen up to her knees, and her JVP is visible at her ear lobe. She has a history of myocardial infarction 4 years ago, angina, and a smoking history of 20 packs per year.

What is the underlying cause of her presentation?

MS-0314

Which of the structures listed below overlies the cephalic vein?

MS-0315

The cephalic vein penetrates the clavipectoral fascia to end in which of the following veins mentioned below?

MS-0297

A 75-year-old man is scheduled for an arterial bypass surgery to treat foot ulceration and claudication. The distal arterial anastomosis will be formed using the anterior tibial artery. Which of the following structures is not in close proximity to it?

MS-0298

Which one of the following nerves is not found in the posterior triangle of the neck?

MS-0299

A 65-year-old man presents to the vascular clinic with bilateral buttock claudication that spreads down the thigh and erectile dysfunction. The vascular surgeon is unable to palpate his left femoral pulse and the right is weakly palpable. The patient is diagnosed with Leriche syndrome, which is caused by atherosclerotic occlusion of blood flow at the abdominal aortic bifurcation. He has been consented for aorto-iliac bypass surgery and is currently awaiting the procedure.

What is the vertebral level of the affected artery that requires bypassing?