A 67-year-old male arrives at the emergency department complaining of crushing chest pain, sweating, and palpitations. Upon examination, an ECG reveals ST elevation in leads V1-V4, indicating a myocardial infarction. Which coronary artery is most likely blocked?
A 70-year-old male arrives at the emergency department complaining of tearing chest pain that radiates to his back. He has a history of uncontrolled hypertension. During auscultation, a diastolic murmur is heard, which is most audible over the 2nd intercostal space, right sternal border. What chest radiograph findings are expected from this patient’s presentation?
A 57-year-old male with a history of hypertension for six years presents to the Emergency department with complaints of severe chest pain that radiates to his back, which he describes as tearing in nature. He is currently experiencing tachycardia and hypertension, with a blood pressure reading of 185/95 mmHg. A soft early diastolic murmur is also noted. The ECG shows ST elevation of 2 mm in the inferior leads, and a small left-sided pleural effusion is visible on chest x-ray. Based on the patient’s clinical history, what is the initial diagnosis that needs to be ruled out?
A 50-year-old patient is admitted to the cardiology department with infective endocarditis. While examining the patient’s hands, the physician observes a collapsing pulse. What other findings can be expected during the examination?
A 28-year-old male with ankylosing spondylitis presents to his GP for examination. During palpation of the carotid pulse, the GP observes a pulse that quickly rises and falls. Upon auscultation of the heart, the GP detects a high-pitched early diastolic murmur that is decrescendo in nature. What cardiac abnormality is indicated by these examination findings?
A patient with a history of aortic stenosis presents with anaemia. Is there a rare association with aortic stenosis that could explain the anaemia in this patient? This is particularly relevant for elderly patients.
A teenage boy suddenly collapses outside his home. He is found to be in cardiac arrest and unfortunately passed away in the hospital. Posthumously, he is diagnosed with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. What alterations would this condition bring about in the heart?
A man in his 50s arrives at the emergency department with bleeding following a car accident. Despite significant blood loss, his blood pressure has remained stable. What can be said about the receptors responsible for regulating his blood pressure?
A 22-year-old male student is brought to the Emergency Department via ambulance. He is unconscious, hypotensive, and tachycardic. According to his friend, he started feeling unwell after being stung by a bee in the park. The medical team suspects anaphylactic shock and begins resuscitation. While anaphylactic shock causes widespread vasodilation, which mediator is responsible for arteriole constriction?
Which of the following events is commonly observed in the arterioles of individuals with malignant hypertension?