A 22-year-old patient comes to your clinic after receiving a positive pregnancy test result. She has made the decision to have an abortion after discussing it with her partner and family. However, as a healthcare provider, you personally do not support abortion and are currently treating patients who are struggling with infertility. How should you handle this challenging consultation?
A 35-year-old male, who is breastfeeding, came in with mastitis symptoms. During the examination, erythema was observed around the nipple. The patient was prescribed flucloxacillin and an analgesic. What analgesic should be avoided in this case?
As a healthcare professional on a gynaecology ward, you are caring for a 65-year-old woman who underwent an endometrial biopsy due to postmenopausal bleeding. Can you identify which type of ovarian tumor is linked to the development of endometrial hyperplasia?
A 28 year-old female patient visits her general practitioner complaining of inter-menstrual bleeding and occasional post-coital bleeding that has been going on for 3 months. She is sexually active and currently taking Microgynon, a combined oral contraceptive pill. Her most recent cervical smear showed no abnormalities. What is the probable diagnosis?
A 70-year-old nulliparous female presents with post menopausal bleeding. She reports that her last cervical screening was 12 years ago. On examination she is found to be overweight and hypertensive. What is the most crucial diagnosis to exclude?
A 42-year-old woman complains of abdominal pain and heavy menstrual bleeding for the past 6 months. Upon examination, the abdomen is not tender, but the uterus feels enlarged. What is the probable diagnosis?
A 50-year-old female visits her primary care physician with complaints of decreased libido and vasomotor symptoms that have persisted for three weeks. She has been experiencing vaginal dryness for the past year and has been using topical estrogen to manage it. After consulting with her doctor, they decide to discontinue the topical estrogen and start her on an oral form of estrogen-progesterone hormone replacement therapy (HRT). As a result of the addition of progesterone, what health risks is the patient more likely to face?
A 28-year-old woman visits her GP with concerns about post-coital bleeding. She has experienced this three times, but reports no pain, discharge, or bleeding between periods. She is currently taking the combined contraceptive pill and is sexually active with a consistent partner. The patient has never been pregnant and is anxious due to her family history of endometrial cancer in her grandmother. During the examination, the GP observes a small area of redness surrounding the cervical os. What is the most probable cause of her symptoms?
A 43-year-old woman presents to the clinic to discuss contraception. She has not had a period for 10 months. Her blood pressure reading in clinic is 120/76 mmHg and she smokes 10 cigarettes per day. She has a history of successfully treated breast cancer 3 years ago. Which contraceptive method would you recommend?
As this woman has not had a period for 10 months, she may be entering the perimenopausal period. However, as she is under the age of 50, she still requires contraception. Based on her past history of breast cancer, hormonal methods of contraception are not recommended due to the potential risks. Therefore, a copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) would be the best option for her. According to the UK Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, the Cu-IUD is a UKMEC Category 1 for women with a history of breast cancer. It is important to discuss the risks and benefits of each contraceptive method with the patient before making a final decision.
Sarah is a 26-year-old trans female who wants to discuss contraception options with you. She is in a committed relationship with another woman and they have regular unprotected intercourse. Sarah has no medical history and is currently undergoing gender reassignment using oestrogen and antiandrogen therapy, but has not had any surgical interventions yet. What would be the most suitable form of contraception to recommend for Sarah?