A 25-year-old woman visits her primary care physician (PCP) complaining of yellow vaginal discharge, abnormal vaginal odor, vulvar itching, and pain while urinating. During the examination, the PCP notices a purulent discharge and a patchy erythematous lesion on the cervix. The PCP suspects Trichomonas vaginalis as the possible diagnosis. What would be the most suitable investigation to assist in the diagnosis of T. vaginalis for this patient?
A 15-year-old girl visits her doctor with concerns about her menstrual bleeding. She reports that her periods are so heavy that she goes through a full box of tampons on the first day, which affects her daily routine. The patient has read that Menorrhagia is characterised by unusually heavy bleeding during menstruation. Before diagnosing her with menorrhagia, the doctor checks the criteria used to classify bleeding as ‘abnormally heavy’. What is the definition used for this classification?
A 19-year-old visits her doctor to discuss birth control options. After being informed about the different choices, she decides to begin taking a progesterone-only pill. Currently, she is on day 16 of her regular 29-day menstrual cycle. If she were to start taking the pill today, how many more days would she need to use additional contraception to avoid getting pregnant?
A 55-year-old woman is being staged for her ovarian cancer diagnosis. The scan reveals that the tumor has extended beyond the ovary, but remains within the pelvic region. What is the stage of her cancer?
A gynaecologist is performing a hysterectomy for leiomyomata and menorrhagia on a 44-year-old woman. Once under anaesthesia, the patient is catheterised, and the surgeon makes a Pfannenstiel incision transversely, just superior to the pubic symphysis. After opening the parietal peritoneum, he identifies the uterus and makes a shallow, transverse incision in the visceral peritoneum on the anterior uterine wall, and then pushes this downwards to expose the lower uterus.
What is the most likely reason for this?
A 28-year-old woman goes to her doctor’s office. She had a termination of pregnancy two weeks ago at 8 weeks gestation. She calls the doctor’s office, worried because her home pregnancy test is still positive. What is the maximum amount of time after a termination that a positive pregnancy test is considered normal?
A woman aged 74 comes in with a 2-cm unilateral, invasive vulvar carcinoma, without signs of lymph node involvement. What is the suggested course of action?
A 30-year-old woman presents with a 3-week history of episodes of postcoital bleeding. She has had some lower abdominal pain but no tenderness or urinary symptoms. She is sexually active, with regular periods and her last menstrual cycle was one week ago. Her temperature is 37.1 °C and she has no systemic symptoms. She is a smoker and takes the oral contraceptive pill. Her last smear test was two years ago.
What is the most appropriate initial investigation?
A 68-year-old woman presents to her gynaecologist with vaginal irritation and itching. On examination, the clinician notes a 3 cm by 2 cm lump extending from the left side of the vulva. A biopsy of the lump is taken for histological diagnosis.
Which of the following is the most common vulval carcinoma?
A 75-year-old woman has been experiencing a sensation of dragging, which improves when lying down. According to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POPQ), her cervix is prolapsed 0.8 cm below the hymen level during straining. What is her diagnosis?