Med Student Finals Category: Paediatrics

MSFinals-4580

A father brings his 9-month-old to the pediatrician with concerns about a rash. The infant has been experiencing a fever and cold symptoms for a few days, and the rash appeared last night. It’s worth noting that the baby started daycare two weeks ago. During the examination, the child is alert and responsive with good muscle tone. The baby has no fever, and all vital signs are normal. There is some nasal congestion, and a papular rash is present on the trunk, which disappears when pressed. What is the most probable cause of the rash?

MSFinals-4581

A 2-year-old girl presents to the emergency department with a 1-day history of rectal bleeding. Her parents report seeing fresh blood in her nappies mixed with her stool. Upon examination, she appears alert, active, afebrile, and hemodynamically stable. She has non-specific abdominal tenderness without guarding, and there is no active bleeding. An abdominal ultrasound is performed, which shows no abnormalities. Meckel’s diverticulum is suspected. What is the most appropriate next step in investigating this patient?

MSFinals-4582

A 3-year-old girl is brought to her pediatrician with a 1 day history of limping on her left side. Her parents state that she has been healthy except for a recent cough and her daycare provider has not noticed any injuries. During the physical exam, the child appears uncomfortable and in pain, but has normal range of motion in her left hip. What is the best course of action for management at this point?

MSFinals-4583

A 14-year-old male from the Roma community presents to his GP with symptoms of cough, rhinorrhoea, sore throat, fever and a rash. He has no significant medical history and is not taking any medications. He recently arrived from Romania. On examination, he has a maculopapular rash on his face, serous discharge from his eyes, and small white lesions on his buccal mucosa. There is no tonsillar exudate or evidence of meningism. Cardio-respiratory and abdominal examinations are unremarkable. What is the most likely diagnosis?

MSFinals-4584

A 5-year-old girl comes to the GP with her father. He reports that she has had a fever and a sore throat for the past 3 days and now has a rash all over her trunk and legs. During the examination, the child appears lethargic, flushed, and has a rough-textured erythematosus rash on her trunk and legs. The doctor observes a swollen red tongue and cervical lymphadenopathy during throat examination. What is the diagnosis?

MSFinals-4585

A 7-year-old girl presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of shortness of breath. Her parents report that she had a cold for a few days but today her breathing has become more difficult. She has a history of viral-induced wheeze and was recently diagnosed with asthma by her GP.

Upon examination, her respiratory rate is 28/min, heart rate is 120/min, saturations are 95%, and temperature is 37.5ºC. She has intercostal and subcostal recession and a global expiratory wheeze, but responds well to salbutamol.

What medications should be prescribed for her acute symptoms upon discharge?

MSFinals-4586

A 14-month old toddler is brought to the pediatrician by his father, who is worried about his child’s decreased appetite and mouth ulcers for the past three days. During the examination, a few blisters are observed on the soles of his feet. Vital signs indicate a temperature of 37.8ºC, heart rate of 125/min, respiratory rate of 28/min, and oxygen saturation of 98% in room air.

The father reports that his child was born at full term through a normal delivery, is following the growth chart appropriately, and has received all the recommended vaccinations. What is the most probable cause of the child’s symptoms?

MSFinals-4587

A 5-year-old boy is presented to the clinic by his mother who has observed a tiny lesion at the outer corner of his eye. During the examination, a small cystic structure is noticed which appears to have been recently infected. Upon removing the scab, hair is visible within the lesion. What is the probable diagnosis?

MSFinals-4588

A 5-year-old girl was released from the hospital eight weeks ago following an episode of viral gastroenteritis. She has been experiencing 4-5 loose stools per day for the past six weeks. What is the probable diagnosis?

MSFinals-4574

As a FY1 in the emergency department, you encounter a mother and her 5-year-old child who is complaining of a rapidly worsening sore throat, high fever, and excessive drooling from the sides of their mouth. The mother admits that the child has missed some vaccinations due to concerns about their negative effects, but is unsure which ones were omitted. Upon examination, the child is sitting on the examination couch, leaning forward and refusing to move. They are pyrexial (38.1C) with overt drooling from the sides of their mouth, and emitting a soft, high-pitched sound on inspiration. What is the most likely causative agent responsible for this child’s condition?