A toddler is brought to the emergency department after a near-drowning incident in a swimming pool. The child is unresponsive and requires intubation for airway management. Upon examination, the child is found to have global hypotonia and abnormal reflexes, indicating possible hypoxic brain injury. What is the most crucial intervention for this child?
A 10-year-old girl presents to the Emergency department with complaints of hip and knee pain following a minor fall from her bike. Upon examination, her knee appears normal but there is limited range of motion at the hip joint. What is the probable diagnosis?
A 26-year-old man presents with visual impairment and is diagnosed with Leber’s optic atrophy. Considering the mitochondrial inheritance pattern of this disorder, which of the following family members is at the highest risk of being affected?
A 4-month-old baby boy is found to have developmental dysplasia of the right hip during an ultrasound scan. The hip was noted to be abnormal during clinical examination at birth. What is the probable treatment for this condition?
A 15-year-old boy presents to the Emergency Department with hypotension following a rugby injury. During the game, he was tackled from the side and experienced intense pain in his left lower rib cage. On examination, the patient has a pulse of 140 bpm and a blood pressure of 80/40 mmHg. There is visible bruising over the left flank and tenderness upon palpation. What is the probable diagnosis?
Sarah is a 19-year-old woman who was admitted with a fever and disseminated rash. She had not been previously vaccinated and was in contact with her 2-year-old cousin who had developed a fever and disseminated blisters and vesicles containing clear fluid. After 2 weeks, she began to have a fever and flu-like symptoms. Similar clear-fluid filled vesicles and blisters developed 3 days later and she was admitted for further observation.
After 3 days of observation, Sarah noticed that one of the lesions on her thigh appeared to be red and becoming hot to touch. An area of skin approximately 3x3cm was erythematosus. The skin was marked and she was commenced on IV flucloxacillin. Over the coming 12 hours, the erythema around this lesion continued to spread. The pain around her leg increased in intensity, requiring morphine to take the edge off the pain. A blueish discolouration began to develop around the rash.
What is the likely organism that has caused the complication?
A mother brings her 6-week-old son to your GP. Her son has been experiencing coryzal symptoms for the past three weeks. He has now developed a cough which had caused concern. The mother describes coughing followed by periods in which the child stops breathing and turns blue. The child appears lethargic.
What is the most probable pathogen responsible for this illness?
A child is born at 28 weeks gestation and is transferred to the neonatal unit. After a few hours, the child shows signs of nasal flaring, chest wall indrawing, and appears to have jaundice. The observations show a heart rate of 75/min, a respiratory rate of 68/min, and a temperature of 38.2ºC. What is the most common organism responsible for the probable diagnosis?
A 27-year-old man presents with a persistent cough for the past 20 days which initially started with a few days of cold symptoms. He describes it as ‘the worst cough I’ve ever had’. He has bouts of coughing followed by an inspiratory gasp. This is usually worse at night and can be so severe that he sometimes vomits. He is otherwise fit and well and confirms he completed all his childhood immunisations. Examination of his chest is unremarkable.
What is the most suitable initial management for this likely diagnosis?
You come across an 11-year-old boy with asthma who has been using a salbutamol inhaler for the past year. He reports needing it when he plays sports outside, especially in colder weather. His mother is worried as he has been using it more frequently in the last 6 months and has had to use it at night. She has also noticed that he sometimes wakes up coughing and his wheezing is worse in the morning. On average, he uses his inhaler 3-4 times a week. After examining the patient and finding no abnormalities, what would be the most appropriate next step to step up his treatment?