As an F1 doctor on a paediatric ward, you come across a 9-year-old girl with her parents. She has been diagnosed with West syndrome and is part of a research trial that requires regular EEG recordings. While discussing her progress during the ward round, the girl interrupts and expresses her dislike for the ‘horrible head stickers’. She becomes visibly upset when the trial is mentioned. What would be the best course of action in this situation?
A full-term female neonate has bilateral palpable flank masses and oliguria and is in respiratory distress. The mother had little prenatal care, but a third-trimester ultrasound right before delivery showed severe oligohydramnios. An ultrasound of the neonate now shows multiple renal cysts and hepatic fibrosis.
What is the most likely cause of these findings?
The midwife has requested that you conduct a newborn examination on a 2-day-old baby boy. He was delivered vaginally at 39 weeks gestation, weighing 3300 grams, and was in good condition. The antenatal scans were normal, and it was a low-risk pregnancy without family history of congenital disorders. During your examination, you observe a ventral urethral meatus while examining the external genitalia. What condition is commonly associated with this finding?
What are the common symptoms exhibited by a child with recurring upper urinary tract infections?
A 16-year-old girl comes to her family doctor complaining of bilateral knee pain that has been bothering her for the past four weeks. She mentions that she is a member of her school’s track and field team but denies any recent injuries or falls. During the physical examination, the doctor notes tenderness in both of her tibial tuberosities. However, her anterior and posterior cruciate ligament stress tests, as well as the Apley’s and McMurray’s tests, all yield normal results.
What would be the most appropriate next step?
A toddler is diagnosed with a ventricular septal defect. What is true about VSD?
A preteen visits the sexual health clinic complaining of painful urination and penile discharge. He suspects he may have contracted a sexually transmitted infection. Upon further inquiry, you discover that he is just 10 years old, despite appearing older. When you ask about his sexual partner, he refuses to provide any additional details and insists that you keep this encounter confidential from his parents and others. What is the most appropriate course of action in this situation?
You are asked to evaluate a 3 day-old neonate who was born 2 weeks premature after a premature rupture of membranes. The infant has not passed meconium in the first 24 hours and has started vomiting. During the examination, you observe one episode of vomiting that is green in color, indicating bile. The baby appears irritable with a visibly distended abdomen, but has normal oxygen saturation and no fever. Palpation of the abdomen causes further discomfort, but no discrete mass is detected. What is the most probable underlying condition?
An 8-year-old is referred to paediatric clinic by a GP due to concerns about an incidental murmur. The child is healthy and shows no symptoms. Upon examination, the paediatrician diagnoses a benign ejection systolic murmur. What is a characteristic of this type of murmur?
What is the preferred investigation to detect renal scarring in a pediatric patient with vesicoureteral reflux?