A 7-week old infant has been admitted to the hospital due to concerns from her father about her inability to keep down feeds. The father reports that shortly after being fed, the baby forcefully vomits up uncurdled milk. He is anxious because the baby does not seem to be gaining weight. Based on the probable diagnosis, what metabolic irregularity is the patient expected to exhibit?
Sarah, a 12-year-old girl with Down’s syndrome, visits her GP complaining of fatigue. What medical condition is commonly linked to Down’s syndrome?
A mother who has recently moved brings her 9-year-old child to a new local GP for the first time to check for thyroid issues. During the examination, the GP observes that the child has a short neck, flattened nose, and is of short stature. Additionally, the GP notices prominent epicanthic folds and a single palmar crease. What long-term condition is this child at a higher risk for?
A 12-year-old female presents to her GP complaining of fatigue, weight loss, frequent urination, and excessive thirst. Her random plasma glucose level is 15 mmol/litre. The patient has a pre-existing condition since childhood that may be responsible for these symptoms. What is the most probable underlying condition?
A 14-year-old girl presents to her GP with concerns about not having started her periods. She has also not developed any other secondary sexual characteristics. Upon examination, she is found to be proportionate but notably short in stature. Additionally, she has wide-spaced nipples, low-set ears, and subtle neck webbing. What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
A 6-week-old infant is experiencing projectile vomiting following feeds. The vomit is abundant but not bile-tinged and happens shortly after a feed. During examination, a small mass in the pylorus can be felt. What electrolyte abnormality is most likely to be observed in this baby?
You have just assisted with the normal vaginal delivery of a baby boy, during the delivery there was a large amount of meconium. On observation of the baby just after the birth, what signs would indicate the need for the neonatal team to evaluate the baby?
Which of the following features is not typically associated with patent ductus arteriosus?
A 6-week-old baby is brought to the emergency department by their parent due to vomiting after every feed. The vomit is large in volume, non-bilious, and projectile. The parent reports that this started as small amounts of vomit and infrequent, but has become more frequent and increased in volume over the past week. Despite vomiting, the baby still appears eager to feed.
During the examination, a small mass is felt in the upper right quadrant and a succussion splash is heard upon auscultation.
The baby is admitted and undergoes an ultrasound which confirms the diagnosis of pyloric stenosis due to increased pyloric muscle thickness, length, volume, and transverse diameter.
What is the recommended surgical intervention for this infant?
A 6-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her father. Her temperature is 38.5ºC and her respiratory rate is 30 breaths per minute.
During the examination, you observe that her left leg is warm and swollen with purple discoloration. On the back of her leg, her skin is peeling, and a deep, erythematosus, diffuse, grey soft wound is visible with white discharge.
When you ask her father about her medical history, he mentions that there was an outbreak of chickenpox at her school. He first noticed the wound on her leg three days ago.
Her Hb is 115 g/L (110-140), platelets are 140* 109/L (150 – 450), and WBC is 16 * 109/L (5-12 * 109).
What is the most likely complication?