MSFinals-6585
A 65-year-old man comes in with symptoms of lower urinary tract and is given the option of a PSA test. As per NHS recommendations, which of the following factors may affect the PSA level?
Archives: Medical Student Finals
MSFinals-6586
An 80-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of increased urinary frequency and urgency, as well as a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying for the past 6 weeks. During a digital rectal exam, the physician notes an enlarged prostate that feels hard and rough. The doctor orders a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test, which reveals a level of 12.2 ng/ml (normal range: <4.0 ng/ml). The patient is then referred for a prostate biopsy. What is the most probable type of cancer?
MSFinals-6587
A 40-year-old man visits the surgical outpatient clinic with a complaint of severe anal pain during and around defecation for the past 6 months. He has also noticed occasional fresh blood on the toilet paper after passing bowel motions. Despite trying laxatives, fibre, lubricants, topical nifedipine, and lignocaine on the advice of a general practitioner, his pain has not reduced. On examination, a significant ‘split’ in the mucosa just proximal to the anal verge is observed. A digital rectal exam is attempted but terminated due to intolerable discomfort. The patient denies any other changes to his bowel habits and is generally healthy. There is no significant past medical or family history. What is the most appropriate management for this patient?
MSFinals-6588
A 55-year-old woman complains of pain in her right medial thigh that has been bothering her for the past week. She reports no alterations in her bowel movements. During the physical examination, you observe a lump the size of a grape located below and to the right of the pubic tubercle, which is challenging to reduce. What is the probable diagnosis?
MSFinals-6589
A 39-year-old man arrives at the emergency department complaining of malaise, fever, and rigours. Upon CT scan, it is revealed that he has fulminant pancolitis and an emergency subtotal colectomy with stoma formation is necessary. What type of stoma will he have post-surgery?
MSFinals-6592
A 67-year-old woman visits her GP complaining of left flank pain and haematuria that has persisted for 3 weeks. She also reports a dry cough that has worsened over the past month. The patient has a history of smoking for 10 pack years. During the examination, a palpable mass is detected in the left flank. The patient is prescribed pembrolizumab and axitinib for treatment. What stage of cancer is likely to have been present at the time of diagnosis?
MSFinals-6593
A 49-year-old woman arrives at the surgical assessment unit with fever, right upper quadrant pain, and yellowing of the sclera. Imaging confirms ascending cholangitis. She has a history of multiple hospitalizations for biliary colic. What is the primary cause of this condition?
MSFinals-6594
A 70-year-old male is recuperating from a partial colectomy that he underwent 2 days ago. The patient reports an aggravation in pain at the incision site. Upon closer inspection, there is a discharge of pink serous fluid, a gap between the wound edges, and protrusion of bowel. The patient does not exhibit any other apparent symptoms. What is the immediate course of action for managing this patient?
MSFinals-6595
During a pre-anaesthetic assessment, a teenage patient informs you that her mother had a negative reaction to certain drugs during an appendicectomy procedure several years ago and had to spend some time in the ICU on a ventilator. There were no lasting complications. What is the primary concern you should have?
MSFinals-6596
What is the most frequent complication associated with a clavicle fracture?