A 78-year-old man with a history of metastatic lung cancer presents to the oncology clinic for follow-up. Despite multiple rounds of radiotherapy, there has been no improvement in his condition and he is now receiving palliative care. During the visit, he mentions that his daughter has noticed a change in his facial appearance. Upon examination, the physician observes drooping of the right eyelid and a smaller right pupil. What other symptom is indicative of Horner’s syndrome?
A 22-year-old woman, a known type 1 diabetic, visited the GP clinic with a complaint of decreased vision. Her left eye has a vision of 6/6, while her right eye has a vision of 6/18.
Your GP placement supervisor requested you to conduct a dilated direct fundoscopy on her eyes. During the examination, you observed exudates forming a ring around a dot haemorrhage near the fovea.
What is the probable diagnosis of the patient’s eye condition?
A 22-year-old woman, a known type 1 diabetic, visited the GP clinic.
Your GP placement supervisor requested you to conduct a dilated direct fundoscopy on her eyes. During the examination, you observed a few dot haemorrhages and hard exudates.
What is the probable diagnosis of the patient’s eye condition?
A 75-year-old man visited his GP complaining of sudden, painless vision loss in his right eye that occurred 2 hours ago. He has a medical history of type 2 diabetes requiring insulin, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Upon further inquiry, he mentioned experiencing brief flashes of light before a dense shadow that began in the periphery and moved towards the center. What is the probable diagnosis?
A 23-year-old woman urgently schedules an appointment due to a two-day history of increasing soreness, redness, and discharge from her left eye. She describes a gritty sensation in the affected eye but denies any foreign body exposure. The patient is otherwise healthy and admits to wearing contact lenses for up to 16 hours daily but has stopped since the onset of symptoms and is using glasses instead. Upon examination, the left eye appears inflamed with excessive tearing, while the right eye is normal. There are no abnormalities in the periorbital tissues, and visual acuity is normal with glasses. What is the most appropriate course of action?
A 47-year-old man presents to his GP complaining of facial swelling and pain following a recent upper respiratory tract infection. Upon examination, the right eye is surrounded by erythema and swelling, and there is discomfort when moving the eye. The patient’s left eye has a visual acuity of 6/6, while the right eye has a visual acuity of 6/24.
What would be the best course of action in this case?
A 35-year-old man visits his GP complaining of a painful and red right eye with photophobia for the past 2 days. He usually wears contact lenses but has been using glasses since the onset of pain. The patient has a medical history of allergic rhinitis and takes cetirizine daily.
During the examination, the doctor observes dilated conjunctival and episcleral vessels, mild eyelid swelling, and increased tearing in the right eye. The left eye appears normal, and the patient’s corrected visual acuity is 6/6 in the left eye and 6/12 in the right eye.
What is the most appropriate course of action for this patient?
A 65-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus presents with complaints of bumping into things since the morning. She is currently taking metformin, simvastatin and aspirin. She reports noticing multiple ‘dark spots’ over the vision in her right eye over the past two days. Upon examination, it is found that she has lost all vision in her right eye. The red reflex on the right side is difficult to elicit and the retina on the right side cannot be visualised during fundoscopy. However, examination of the left fundus reveals changes consistent with pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 30-year-old female patient visits her GP complaining of a severe throbbing headache that is most intense in the morning. Despite taking paracetamol, the symptoms have persisted for several weeks. She also experiences vomiting in the mornings and has noticed blurry vision. Upon examination, her pupils are equal and reactive, and there are no abnormalities in her systemic examination. What would you anticipate observing during fundoscopy?
A 32-year-old patient complains of a painful lump on their eyelid. The lump has been present for about 3 days and is gradually increasing in size. Upon examination, a tender, smooth lump measuring approximately 3 mm in diameter is observed, originating from the outer edge of the left upper eyelid. There is no redness in the eye, no orbital or periorbital erythema, and normal visual acuity.
What would be the most suitable approach to managing this condition?