An 82-year-old woman arrives at the emergency department complaining of sudden vision loss in her right eye. She reports experiencing painless vision loss without prior symptoms two hours ago, which has not improved. The left eye has a visual acuity of 6/12 (corrected with a pinhole), while the right eye has undetectable visual acuity. Upon fundoscopic examination, prominent retinal haemorrhages are observed. What is the probable diagnosis?
An 80-year-old female visits her doctor with a vesicular rash on the right-side of her face and tip of her nose, and is diagnosed with herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO). What is the most probable complication for this patient?
A 58-year-old woman has been referred by her optician to the eye clinic. She has been experiencing vision problems and is concerned about her eye health. On examination, her external eye, including the pupil, appears normal.
Investigations:
Slit-lamp: Quiet anterior chamber
Intra-ocular pressure: 30 mmHg
Fundoscopy: Optic disc appears slightly cupped
Visual field testing: Arcuate scotoma
Which of the following diagnoses is most likely based on this clinical presentation?
A 67-year-old man with a history of glaucoma presents to the emergency department with sudden blurring and subsequent loss of vision in his left eye. He reports no pain or discharge. Fundoscopy reveals extensive flame haemorrhages and cotton wool spots, and there is a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) on examination. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A 65-year-old man visits his GP complaining of a gradual onset of dry, itchy right eye and associated blurring of his vision. The patient and his family have also observed that he has difficulty completely closing his eyelid. The patient has a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes but has never been hospitalized or had any eye problems before.
During the examination, the patient displays signs of miosis, partial ptosis, anhidrosis of the face, and enophthalmos.
What is the probable cause of this patient’s presentation?
A 55-year-old woman comes to her General Practitioner complaining of pain in her left eye. She reports no sensitivity to light and no vision problems. She denies any past eye injuries or diseases. She has been managing her diabetes through diet alone for the past two years. During the examination, the eye is found to be red and tender to the touch.
What is the most appropriate course of action?
Which one of the following statements regarding the management of conjunctivitis is incorrect?
Sarah is a 35-year-old woman who presents with a red eye and significant nausea. She has noticed that her right eye was red when she woke up from sleep. She also has a concurrent headache with this and her vision is blurry. When asked, she feels that she can see rings around lights as well. She remains otherwise well.
Examination reveals significant conjunctival injection around the right eye. Sarah is very photophobic when testing her right eye. The pupil appears to be dilated at 5 mm and does not respond to light. Her left eye has a pupil size of 3mm and is reactive to light.
What is the likely cause for her symptoms?
A 50-year-old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 2-day history of an increasingly painful and swollen left eye. He complains of blurring of vision and pain, especially with eye movements.
On examination, visual acuity is 6/18 in the left and 6/6 in the right. The periorbital area of the left eye is very swollen and erythematosus. The eye itself is red and proptosed. The conjunctiva is chemosed. Eye movements in the left eye are quite restricted in all directions. There is relative afferent pupillary defect on the left. Fundoscopy shows a swollen optic disc in the left eye. Computed tomography (CT) scan shows some opacities in the ethmoid sinuses.
Vital observations are as follows:
Blood pressure 120/70 mmHg
Heart rate 75 bpm
Respiratory rate 18 per minute
Oxygen saturation 98% on air
Temperature 37.9 °C
What is the definitive treatment for this eye problem?
A 49-year-old man presents to the Emergency Department with a 2-day history of an increasingly painful and swollen right eye. He complains of blurring of vision and pain, especially with eye movements, which were quite restricted. He has no past medical history and is allergic to penicillin.
On examination, the visual acuity is 6/18 in the right, 6/6 in the left. The periorbital area of the right eye is very swollen and erythematosus. The eye itself is red and proptosed. The conjunctiva is chemosed. Eye movements in the right eye are quite restricted in all directions. There is relative afferent pupillary defect on the right. Fundoscopy shows a swollen optic disc in the right eye. Computed tomography (CT) scan shows diffuse orbital infiltrate and proptosis.
Vital observations are as follows:
Blood pressure 120/70 mmHg
Heart rate 75 bpm
Respiratory rate 18 per minute
Oxygen saturation 98% on air
Temperature 37.9 °C
What is first-line management for this patient?