A 78-year-old woman visits her GP with a complaint of gradual loss of peripheral vision over the past 4 months and a decline in overall visual acuity. She reports experiencing tunnel vision. The patient has a medical history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus and wears corrective glasses for her myopia. Upon fundoscopy, the doctor observes optic disc cupping and hemorrhages. What is the probable diagnosis?
A 70-year-old man, with a history of atrial fibrillation, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, presents to the Emergency Department with a sudden painless loss of vision in his left eye that lasted for a few minutes. He describes the loss of vision as a curtain coming into his vision, and he could not see anything out of it for a few minutes before his vision returned to normal.
Upon examination, his acuity is 6/9 in both eyes. On dilated fundoscopy, there is a small embolus in one of the vessels in the left eye. The rest of the fundus is normal in both eyes.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 53 year old female presents with a breast lump and is referred to the 2 week wait suspected cancer breast clinic. Biopsy confirms the presence of a HER-2 positive breast carcinoma. Which immunological therapy is appropriate for treatment?
A 59-year-old woman, who has recently started radiotherapy treatment for breast cancer, presents with redness and peeling of the skin over the left breast.
On examination, the patient has a temperature of 36.4 °C. Her pulse is 80 bpm, and her blood pressure is 110/78 mmHg. Examination of the left breast reveals a sharply demarcated 7 cm × 5 cm area of faint erythema and mild patchy desquamation of the skin of the right upper quadrant.
The right breast appears normal, and the patient has no other skin changes affecting the rest of the body.
Which of the following statements regarding this patient is correct?
A 35-year-old patient came to his doctor with a lump in his neck. After evaluation, he was referred for a biopsy. The biopsy results revealed the presence of pleomorphic giant cells with binuclear cells. What is the most probable illness?
A 58-year-old lady with multiple myeloma visits the Oncology Day Hospital for her monthly infusion of intravenous zoledronic acid. She reports experiencing neck pain and new weakness and paraesthesiae in her left hand and arm.
What is the most suitable initial approach for managing this woman?
A 76-year-old man presents to Accident and Emergency confused, dehydrated and constipated. He is complaining of significant pain down his left flank. He was diagnosed with multiple myeloma 6 months ago and is currently undergoing treatment. He is treated with aggressive fluid resuscitation and recovers promptly.
Elevated levels of which biochemical parameter would has caused this presentation?
A 55-year-old individual who has been smoking for their entire life visits their GP with complaints of worsening breathlessness and symptoms of ptosis and constriction of the pupil. The GP refers them for a chest x-ray, which reveals the presence of an apical mass. What is the term used to describe the cause of this person’s condition?
A 32-year-old individual who wears contact lenses presents to the emergency department complaining of pain in their left eye. They describe a sensation of having something gritty stuck in their eye. The eye appears red all over and they have difficulty looking at bright lights. Upon examination with a slit-lamp, there is a hypopyon and focal white infiltrates on the cornea. What is the probable causative organism?
A 30-year-old man visits his GP with complaints of a painful and red eye. He has been experiencing a gritty sensation and watery discharge in his left eye since yesterday morning. The patient usually wears contact lenses daily but has been unable to use them due to the pain.
During fundoscopy, the GP observes a hypopyon in the left eye and no foreign body is visible. The right eye appears normal, and both pupils are round, equal, and reactive to light. The patient’s visual acuity is normal when wearing glasses, but he experiences marked photophobia in the left eye.
What is the most probable cause of these symptoms?