Archives: Medical Student Finals

MSFinals-3706

An older gentleman with prostate cancer is beginning treatment with morphine elixir for painful bone metastases. What would be the most suitable advice to give to his caregiver?

MSFinals-3707

A 42-year-old teacher is referred to the Breast Clinic for further investigation after finding a lump on her right breast one week earlier. She has well-controlled hypertension, but no other medical history of note. The patient does not smoke and is a keen runner.
The patient is especially concerned that she may have breast cancer, as her grandmother and maternal aunt both died from the condition. She is very upset that she did not find the lump sooner, as she thinks that it is at least 1 cm in size.
With regard to tumour kinetics, which one of the following is correct?

MSFinals-3708

You review a pediatric patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and are considering starting them on imatinib. Imatinib is a kinase inhibitor.
Which of the following best describes the mode of action of a kinase inhibitor?

MSFinals-3709

A 35-year-old male patient (undergoing chemotherapy treatment for Hodgkin’s lymphoma) complains of severe mouth pain. On examination, you see white plaques over his tongue.
Which of the following treatments is most appropriate?

MSFinals-3710

A 56-year-old male presents with a history of a sore area on his tongue, which has failed to heal for over three months and is becoming increasingly bothersome. The patient is otherwise well, with a history of mild osteoarthritis of the knees, but nil else of note. He is a builder, and smokes 30 cigarettes a day for the past 30 years. He drinks around 30 units of alcohol a week.
Following examination, the patient is referred urgently as a case of suspected cancer of the tongue.
Which one of the following statements is correct about tongue cancer?

MSFinals-3711

A 28-year-old woman, who is receiving doxorubicin chemotherapy for breast cancer, presents with severe nausea and vomiting as a side effect of the treatment. Upon examination, the patient is afebrile with a blood pressure of 102/76 mmHg and a regular pulse rate of 90 bpm. The patient has a capillary refill time of 2 seconds and dry mucous membranes. Abdominal examination reveals a soft abdomen without palpable masses or tenderness. Bowel sounds are normal. What is the most appropriate management option for this patient?

MSFinals-3712

What is the most frequent primary cancer that leads to bone metastases?

MSFinals-3713

A 65-year-old woman has been diagnosed with non-small-cell bronchial carcinoma during a bronchoscopy. Despite her diagnosis, she is in good health. CT imaging for staging did not show any signs of metastatic disease. Her surgeon has suggested a pneumonectomy but wants to conduct a PET scan. How will this test aid in managing the patient?

MSFinals-3714

A 66-year-old smoker visits his GP complaining of a persistent cough, difficulty breathing, weight loss (5 kg), and night sweats that have been going on for 8 months. An urgent chest X-ray is ordered, which reveals multiple well-defined central opacities. A blood test shows the following abnormality:
calcium: 3.7 mmol/l (2.1–2.6 mmol/l).
What type of lung cancer is the most probable diagnosis based on these findings?