You are summoned to attend to a 26-year-old woman who is 9 weeks pregnant and has arrived at the Emergency Department with complaints of heavy vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. Her vital signs are stable and she has no fever. An ultrasound reveals that the fetal heart rate is still present and the size of the uterus is as expected. Upon examination, her cervical os is closed. How would you categorize her miscarriage?
You are a healthcare professional in obstetrics & gynaecology. A 27-year-old female patient has come to the early pregnancy assessment clinic complaining of light vaginal spotting and lower abdominal pain that has been present for 48 hours. She had taken a home pregnancy test 6 weeks ago, which was positive, and her last menstrual period was 8 weeks ago. A transvaginal ultrasound was performed, but no intrauterine pregnancy was detected. The serum βHCG results show a level of 3,662 IU per ml. What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
A 28-year-old primigravida woman is rushed for an emergency caesarean section due to fetal distress and hypoxia detected on cardiotocography. She is currently at 31 weeks gestation.
After delivery, the baby is admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and given oxygen to aid breathing difficulties.
Several weeks later, during an ophthalmological examination, the baby is found to have bilateral absent red reflex and retinal neovascularisation.
What is the probable diagnosis?
A 25-year-old woman at 37-week’s gestation presents to the labour ward with a history of 4 hours of labour and uterine contractions occurring every 2 minutes. Her 34-week scan revealed grade III placenta praevia. On examination, her cervix is found to be dilated to 8 cm and effaced by 90%. Foetal cartography measurements are normal, and there is no vaginal bleeding. What should be the next course of action for this patient?
A 23-year-old woman who is pregnant at 37 weeks gestation develops spontaneous labour. She has a history of pre-eclampsia. Her blood pressure is 170/110 mmHg.
Blood results are as follows:
Hb 110 g/L
Male: (135-180)
Female: (115 – 160)
Platelets 100 * 109/L
(150 – 400)
WBC 15.0 * 109/L
(4.0 – 11.0)
The medical team decides to administer magnesium sulphate to the patient. However, shortly after receiving the medication, the patient experiences respiratory depression with a respiratory rate of 6 breaths per minute.
What is the urgent treatment required for this patient?
Which of the following foods should be avoided during pregnancy?
A 32-year-old woman presents to the antenatal clinic at 40-weeks gestation for her first pregnancy. She reports no contractions yet. Upon examination, her abdomen is soft and a palpable uterus indicates a term pregnancy. The cervix is firm and dilated to 1 cm, with the foetal head stationed 1 cm below the ischial spines. The obstetrician performs a membrane sweep and decides to initiate treatment with vaginal prostaglandins. What is the most probable complication of this procedure?
A 28-year-old female patient visits her general practitioner complaining of mild left iliac fossa pain that has been present for three days. She reports that she discontinued her oral contraceptives seven weeks ago due to side effects and has not had a menstrual period for approximately two months. During her visit, a pregnancy test is conducted, which returns positive. The possibility of an ectopic pregnancy is suspected, and she is referred to the early pregnancy assessment unit. What is the preferred initial imaging modality to confirm an ectopic pregnancy?
A 28-year-old pregnant woman with type 1 diabetes inquires about the frequency of blood glucose level testing during her pregnancy.
A 32-year-old woman who is at 16 weeks gestation attends her antenatal appointment and is given the option to undergo the quadruple test for chromosomal disorders. After consenting, she has a blood test and is later informed that the results indicate a higher likelihood of Down’s syndrome in the fetus. The patient is now invited to discuss the next course of action. What is the probable outcome of the quadruple test?