MSFinals-3161
What does the term bouton terminaux refer to in an axodendritic chemical synapse?
Archives: Medical Student Finals
MSFinals-3162
A 4-year-old boy is brought to the paediatric assessment unit, after his parents witnessed him having a seizure. He has no history of seizures. The seizure lasted 30 seconds, and his parents described both his arms and legs shaking. There was no incontinence or tongue biting. For the last week he has had a flu-like illness, and the parents have recorded temperatures of 39.1°C (normal 36.1–37.2°C). You suspect a diagnosis of febrile seizures.
What advice should you give the parents about the risk of future seizures?
MSFinals-3123
A 50-year-old man has been referred to a neurologist by his GP due to recent concerns with his speech. He has been experiencing difficulty verbalising his thoughts and finds this frustrating. However, there is no evidence to suggest a reduced comprehension of speech.
He struggles to repeat sentences and well-rehearsed lists (such as months of the year and numbers from one to ten). He is also unable to name common household objects presented to him. Additionally, he constructs sentences using the incorrect tense and his grammar is poor.
Imaging studies reveal that the issue is located in the frontotemporal region of the brain.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
MSFinals-3124
A 45-year-old patient presents after trauma and exhibits a lack of sensation in the anatomical snuff box. Which nerve is likely responsible for this sensory loss?
MSFinals-3125
A 30-year-old cleaner presents with a complaint of gradual numbness on the left side of her hand and forearm. Upon examination, there is no indication of muscle wasting, but there is slight weakness in finger adduction and flexion. Reflexes are normal. Sensory testing reveals a decrease in pinprick sensation in the tips of the ring and little fingers and over the hypothenar eminence.
What is the location of the lesion?
MSFinals-3126
A 50-year-old man reports experiencing fatigue that worsens towards the end of the day. He has also been struggling with swallowing and finds repetitive movements challenging. What is the probable cause of these symptoms?
MSFinals-3127
A 65-year-old man with a 10-year history of diabetes wakes up with weakness in his right leg. Upon examination, there is weakness in ankle eversion and inversion and loss of dorsiflexion in the big toe. Knee reflexes are normal, and ankle jerks are present with reinforcement. He has also experienced a loss of sensation in his first toe. Where is the lesion located?
MSFinals-3128
An 80-year-old man visits his GP with his daughter, concerned about his increasing forgetfulness. He used to be able to manage his own medications, but now forgets to take them regularly. He has also been misplacing items around the house and forgetting important appointments. When his daughter tries to remind him of these things, he becomes defensive and irritable.
His lab results show normal levels of vitamin B12, folate, thyroid hormones, and electrolytes. He does not screen positive for depression. His MMSE score is 20/30, and his brain MRI reveals general brain atrophy.
What is the most appropriate treatment for this patient?
MSFinals-3129
A 78-year-old man visits his General Practitioner (GP) with his wife, complaining of feeling excessively tired during the day. He has been prescribed donepezil for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and he has observed some improvement in his cognitive abilities with this medication. However, his wife reports that he struggles to sleep at night and is becoming increasingly lethargic during the day.
What is the most suitable course of action for this patient?
MSFinals-3130
An anaesthetist administered anaesthesia to a 35-year-old pregnant woman in labour. The anaesthetist palpated the ischial spine transvaginally and then injected a local anaesthetic.
Injection of a local anaesthetic at this location anaesthetises a nerve that contains fibres from which of the following vertebral segments?